在JSP里,獲取客戶端的IP地址的方法是:request.getRemoteAddr(),這種方法在大部分情況下都是有效的。但是在通過(guò)了Apache,Squid等反向代理軟件就不能獲取到客戶端的真實(shí)IP地址了。
??? 如果使用了反向代理軟件,將http://192.168.1.110:2046/ 的URL反向代理為 http://www.javapeixun.com.cn / 的URL時(shí),用request.getRemoteAddr()方法獲取的IP地址是:127.0.0.1 或 192.168.1.110,而并不是客 戶端的真實(shí)IP。
??? 經(jīng)過(guò)代理以后,由于在客戶端和服務(wù)之間增加了中間層,因此服務(wù)器無(wú)法直接拿到客戶端的IP,服務(wù)器端應(yīng)用也無(wú)法直接通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)請(qǐng)求的地址返回給客戶端。但是 在轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)請(qǐng)求的HTTP頭信息中,增加了X-FORWARDED-FOR信息。用以跟蹤原有的客戶端IP地址和原來(lái)客戶端請(qǐng)求的服務(wù)器地址。當(dāng)我們?cè)L問(wèn) http://www.javapeixun.com.cn /index.jsp/ 時(shí),其實(shí)并不是我們?yōu)g覽器真正訪問(wèn)到了服務(wù)器上的index.jsp文件,而是先由代理服務(wù)器去訪問(wèn)http://192.168.1.110:2046 /index.jsp ,代理服務(wù)器再將訪問(wèn)到的結(jié)果返回給我們的瀏覽器,因?yàn)槭谴矸?wù)器去訪問(wèn)index.jsp的,所以index.jsp中通過(guò) request.getRemoteAddr()的方法獲取的IP實(shí)際上是代理服務(wù)器的地址,并不是客戶端的IP地址。
??? 于是可得出獲得客戶端真實(shí)IP地址的方法一:
- public ?String?getRemortIP(HttpServletRequest?request)?{???
- ?? if ?(request.getHeader( "x-forwarded-for" )?==? null )?{???
- ??? return ?request.getRemoteAddr();???
- ??}???
- ?? return ?request.getHeader( "x-forwarded-for" );???
- }???
public String getRemortIP(HttpServletRequest request) {
if (request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for") == null) {
return request.getRemoteAddr();
}
return request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
}
??? 可是當(dāng)我訪問(wèn)http://www.5a520.cn /index.jsp/ 時(shí),返回的IP地址始終是unknown,也并不是如上所示的127.0.0.1 或 192.168.1.110了,而我訪問(wèn) http://192.168.1.110:2046/index.jsp 時(shí),則能返回客戶端的真實(shí)IP地址,寫了個(gè)方法去驗(yàn)證。原因出在了Squid上。squid.conf 的配制文件 forwarded_for 項(xiàng)默認(rèn)是為on,如果 forwarded_for 設(shè)成了 off 則:X-Forwarded-For: unknown
??? 于是可得出獲得客戶端真實(shí)IP地址的方法二:
- public ?String?getIpAddr(HttpServletRequest?request)?{???
- ???????String?ip?=?request.getHeader( "x-forwarded-for" );???
- ??????? if (ip?==? null ?||?ip.length()?==? 0 ?||? "unknown" .equalsIgnoreCase(ip))?{???
- ???????????ip?=?request.getHeader( "Proxy-Client-IP" );???
- ???????}???
- ??????? if (ip?==? null ?||?ip.length()?==? 0 ?||? "unknown" .equalsIgnoreCase(ip))?{???
- ???????????ip?=?request.getHeader( "WL-Proxy-Client-IP" );???
- ???????}???
- ??????? if (ip?==? null ?||?ip.length()?==? 0 ?||? "unknown" .equalsIgnoreCase(ip))?{???
- ???????????ip?=?request.getRemoteAddr();???
- ???????}???
- ??????? return ?ip;???
- ???}???
public String getIpAddr(HttpServletRequest request) {
String ip = request.getHeader("x-forwarded-for");
if(ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if(ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if(ip == null || ip.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ip)) {
ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
}
return ip;
}
??? 可是,如果通過(guò)了多級(jí)反向代理的話,X-Forwarded-For的值并不止一個(gè),而是一串Ip值,究竟哪個(gè)才是真正的用戶端的真實(shí)IP呢?
??? 答案是取X-Forwarded-For中第一個(gè)非unknown的有效IP字符串。
??? 如:X-Forwarded-For:192.168.1.110, 192.168.1.120, 192.168.1.130, 192.168.1.100用戶真實(shí)IP為: 192.168.1.110
最近做一個(gè)安全系統(tǒng),需要對(duì)用戶的 ip 和 mac 地址進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,這里用到獲取客戶端ip和mac地址的兩個(gè)方法,留存。
1.獲取客戶端ip地址( 這個(gè)必須從客戶端傳到后臺(tái)):
jsp頁(yè)面下,很簡(jiǎn)單,request.getRemoteAddr() ;
因?yàn)橄到y(tǒng)的VIew層是用JSF來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的,因此頁(yè)面上沒法直接獲得類似request,在bean里做了個(gè)強(qiáng)制轉(zhuǎn)換
- public ?String?getMyIP()?{??
- try ?{??
- FacesContext?fc?=?FacesContext.getCurrentInstance();??
- HttpServletRequest?request?=?(HttpServletRequest)fc.getExternalContext().getRequest();??
- return ?request.getRemoteAddr();??
- }??
- catch ?(Exception?e)?{??
- e.printStackTrace();??
- }??
- return ? "" ;??
- }??
public String getMyIP() {
try {
FacesContext fc = FacesContext.getCurrentInstance();
HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest)fc.getExternalContext().getRequest();
return request.getRemoteAddr();
}
catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return "";
}
2.獲取客戶端mac地址
調(diào)用window的命令,在后臺(tái)Bean里實(shí)現(xiàn) 通過(guò)ip來(lái)獲取mac地址。方法如下:
- public ?String?getMACAddress(String?ip){??
- String?str?=? "" ;??
- String?macAddress?=? "" ;??
- try ?{??
- Process?p?=?Runtime.getRuntime().exec( "nbtstat?-A?" ?+?ip);??
- InputStreamReader?ir?=? new ?InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream());??
- LineNumberReader?input?=? new ?LineNumberReader(ir);??
- for ?( int ?i?=? 1 ;?i?<? 100 ;?i++)?{??
- str?=?input.readLine();??
- if ?(str?!=? null )?{??
- if ?(str.indexOf( "MAC?Address" )?>? 1 )?{??
- macAddress?=?str.substring(str.indexOf( "MAC?Address" )?+? 14 ,?str.length());??
- break ;??
- }??
- }??
- }??
- }? catch ?(IOException?e)?{??
- e.printStackTrace(System.out);??
- }??
- return ?macAddress;??
- }??
public String getMACAddress(String ip){
String str = "";
String macAddress = "";
try {
Process p = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("nbtstat -A " + ip);
InputStreamReader ir = new InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream());
LineNumberReader input = new LineNumberReader(ir);
for (int i = 1; i < 100; i++) {
str = input.readLine();
if (str != null) {
if (str.indexOf("MAC Address") > 1) {
macAddress = str.substring(str.indexOf("MAC Address") + 14, str.length());
break;
}
}
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace(System.out);
}
return macAddress;
}
補(bǔ)充:
關(guān)于獲取IP地址的方式,最近在linux下有一個(gè)教訓(xùn),如果單純通過(guò)InetAddress來(lái)獲取IP地址,就會(huì)出現(xiàn)在不同的機(jī)器上IP地址不同的問(wèn)題。
InetAddress.getLocalHost().getAddress() 實(shí)際上是根據(jù)hostname來(lái)獲取IP地址的。linux系統(tǒng)在剛剛裝完默認(rèn)的hostname是localhost,所以通過(guò)上面代碼獲取到的本機(jī) ip就是127.0.0.1, 相對(duì)應(yīng),比如我的hostname就是rjlin.atsig.com 返回的ip地址確是atsig.com的地址。暫時(shí)采用下面代碼來(lái)處理,當(dāng)然還不夠靈活:
- public ? static ? byte []?getIp()? throws ?UnknownHostException?{??
- byte []?b?=?InetAddress.getLocalHost().getAddress();??
- Enumeration?allNetInterfaces?=? null ;??
- try ?{??
- allNetInterfaces?=?NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces();??
- }? catch ?(SocketException?e)?{??
- e.printStackTrace();??
- }??
- InetAddress?ip?=? null ;??
- NetworkInterface?netInterface?=? null ;??
- while ?(allNetInterfaces.hasMoreElements())?{??
- netInterface?=?(NetworkInterface)?allNetInterfaces.nextElement();??
- if ?(netInterface.getName().trim().equals( "eth0" )){??
- Enumeration?addresses?=?netInterface.getInetAddresses();??
- while ?(addresses.hasMoreElements())?{??
- ip?=?(InetAddress)?addresses.nextElement();??
- }??
- break ;??
- }??
- }??
- if ?(ip?!=? null ?&&?ip? instanceof ?Inet4Address)?{??
- return ?b?=?ip.getAddress();??
- }??
- return ?b;??
-
}?
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