一、前言
Dubbo 作為SOA服務(wù)化治理方案的核心框架,用于提高業(yè)務(wù)邏輯的復(fù)用、整合、集中管理,具有極高的可靠性(HA)和伸縮性,被應(yīng)用于阿里巴巴各成員站點(diǎn),同時(shí)在包括JD、當(dāng)當(dāng)在內(nèi)的眾多互聯(lián)網(wǎng)項(xiàng)目中有著廣泛應(yīng)用。dubbo?通過(guò)高性能 RPC 實(shí)現(xiàn)服務(wù)的輸出和輸入功能,框架基于?Spring Framework 進(jìn)行無(wú)縫集成,使用過(guò)程中基本看不到 Dubbo API的直接調(diào)用,Dubbo服務(wù)支持RMI、Hessian、Dubbo、WebService等眾多通信協(xié)議,同時(shí)提供了對(duì)服務(wù)的監(jiān)控和管理平臺(tái),屬于一套完整的SOA解決方案。
詳細(xì)介紹請(qǐng)參照官方地址: http://alibaba.github.io/dubbo-doc-static/Home-zh.htm ,不再重復(fù)描述,本文主要記錄了詳細(xì)的開(kāi)發(fā)整合步驟。 引用一張官方提供的dubbo架構(gòu)圖:
-
Provider ? ?暴露服務(wù)方稱之為“服務(wù)提供者”。
-
Consumer?調(diào)用遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)方稱之為“服務(wù)消費(fèi)者”。
-
Registry ? ?服務(wù)注冊(cè)與發(fā)現(xiàn)的中心目錄服務(wù)稱之為“服務(wù)注冊(cè)中心”。
-
Monitor ? ? 統(tǒng)計(jì)服務(wù)的調(diào)用次調(diào)和調(diào)用時(shí)間的日志服務(wù)稱之為“服務(wù)監(jiān)控中心”。
- Container ?服務(wù)運(yùn)行“容器”。
?
二、源碼構(gòu)建
1、dubbo基于maven構(gòu)建,需要先配置maven環(huán)境,當(dāng)然如果你不想構(gòu)建源碼,也可以直接下載對(duì)應(yīng)版本的發(fā)行包。
2、dubbo構(gòu)建需要依賴opensesame組件,先通過(guò)?git 獲取并安裝opensesame,源碼地址:
https:
//
github.com/alibaba/opensesame
?執(zhí)行maven安裝: mvn install
3、通過(guò)下面?git 地址獲取對(duì)應(yīng)版本的?dubbo 源碼,官方推薦使用 dubbo 2.4.9,本文基于trunk版本構(gòu)建。
https:
//
github.com/alibaba/dubbo
maven構(gòu)建: mvn clean install?-Dmaven.test.skip ,在漫長(zhǎng)的等待后(過(guò)程需要通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)下載依賴資源)會(huì)有如下提示,生成的?jar 包位于各自目錄的target文件夾。
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Reactor Summary:
[INFO]
[INFO] dubbo
-parent ....................................... SUCCESS [ 1.272
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-common ....................................... SUCCESS [ 4.572
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-container .................................... SUCCESS [ 0.024
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-container-api ................................ SUCCESS [ 1.148
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-container-spring ............................. SUCCESS [ 0.524
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-container-jetty .............................. SUCCESS [ 0.420
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-container-log4j .............................. SUCCESS [ 0.448
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-container-logback ............................ SUCCESS [ 0.468
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-remoting ..................................... SUCCESS [ 0.016
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-remoting-api ................................. SUCCESS [ 1.864
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-remoting-netty ............................... SUCCESS [ 1.125
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-remoting-mina ................................ SUCCESS [ 0.696
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-remoting-grizzly ............................. SUCCESS [ 0.680
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-remoting-p2p ................................. SUCCESS [ 1.048
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-remoting-http ................................ SUCCESS [ 0.616
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-remoting-zookeeper ........................... SUCCESS [ 0.716
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-rpc .......................................... SUCCESS [ 0.016
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-rpc-api ...................................... SUCCESS [ 1.608
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-rpc-
default
.................................. SUCCESS [ 1.396
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-rpc-injvm .................................... SUCCESS [ 0.760
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-rpc-rmi ...................................... SUCCESS [ 0.416
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-rpc-hessian .................................. SUCCESS [ 0.584
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-rpc-http ..................................... SUCCESS [ 0.580
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-rpc-webservice ............................... SUCCESS [ 0.536
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-cluster ...................................... SUCCESS [ 2.208
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-registry ..................................... SUCCESS [ 0.020
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-registry-api ................................. SUCCESS [ 1.241
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-monitor ...................................... SUCCESS [ 0.016
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-monitor-api .................................. SUCCESS [ 0.464
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-
filter
....................................... SUCCESS [ 0.016
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-
filter
-validation ............................ SUCCESS [ 0.608
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-
filter
-cache ................................. SUCCESS [ 0.604
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-registry-
default
............................. SUCCESS [ 0.540
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-monitor-
default
.............................. SUCCESS [ 0.588
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-registry-multicast ........................... SUCCESS [ 0.632
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-config ....................................... SUCCESS [ 0.016
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-config-api ................................... SUCCESS [ 1.500
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-config-spring ................................ SUCCESS [ 1.520
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-rpc-thrift ................................... SUCCESS [ 1.032
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-rpc-memcached ................................ SUCCESS [ 0.464
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-rpc-redis .................................... SUCCESS [ 0.500
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-registry-zookeeper ........................... SUCCESS [ 0.656
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-registry-redis ............................... SUCCESS [ 0.640
s]
[INFO] dubbo .............................................. SUCCESS [
1.009
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-simple ....................................... SUCCESS [ 0.016
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-registry-simple .............................. SUCCESS [01:43
min]
[INFO] dubbo
-monitor-simple ............................... SUCCESS [ 10.379
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-admin ........................................ SUCCESS [04:03
min]
[INFO] dubbo
-demo ......................................... SUCCESS [ 0.016
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-demo-api ..................................... SUCCESS [ 0.308
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-demo-provider ................................ SUCCESS [ 2.700
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-demo-consumer ................................ SUCCESS [ 2.745
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-test ......................................... SUCCESS [ 0.012
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-test-benchmark ............................... SUCCESS [01:01
min]
[INFO] dubbo
-test-compatibility ........................... SUCCESS [ 0.188
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-test-integration ............................. SUCCESS [ 0.052
s]
[INFO] dubbo
-test-examples ................................ SUCCESS [ 1.640
s]
[INFO]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time:
07:42
min
[INFO] Finished at:
2015-01-20T14:36:43+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 282M
/
895M
[INFO]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
4、?構(gòu)建過(guò)程中如果出現(xiàn)maven網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接相關(guān)的異常信息,可以嘗試將以下maven mirror 地址添加到 settings.xml 文件。
<
mirror
>
<
id
>
CN
</
id
>
<
mirrorOf
>
central
</
mirrorOf
>
<
name
>
OSChina Central
</
name
>
<
url
>
http://maven.oschina.net/content/groups/public/
</
url
>
</
mirror
>
<
mirror
>
<
id
>
kafeitu
</
id
>
<
mirrorOf
>
central
</
mirrorOf
>
<
name
>
Human Readable Name for this Mirror.
</
name
>
<
url
>
http://maven.kafeitu.me/nexus/content/repositories/public
</
url
>
</
mirror
>
<
mirror
>
<
id
>
lvu.cn
</
id
>
<
name
>
lvu.cn
</
name
>
<
url
>
http://lvu.cn/nexus/content/groups/public
</
url
>
<
mirrorOf
>
*
</
mirrorOf
>
</
mirror
>
?
三、Zookeeper部署(Registry 服務(wù)注冊(cè)中心)
D ubbo 缺省配置通過(guò) multicast 注冊(cè)中心廣播實(shí)現(xiàn) Provider 和 Consumer 之間的簡(jiǎn)單遠(yuǎn)程過(guò)程調(diào)用(Simple RPC),不需要通過(guò)?Registry 注冊(cè)中心進(jìn)行注冊(cè)調(diào)度 ,類似于spring rmi remoting調(diào)用,但由于不是Cluster部署,所以作為分布 式RPC框架官方建議使用 Zookeeper 作為Registry注冊(cè)中心服務(wù)器(同樣支持Redis)實(shí)現(xiàn)服務(wù)的注冊(cè)、發(fā)現(xiàn)、路由功能。Dubbo在Zookeeper服務(wù)器端只增加了dubbo數(shù)據(jù)節(jié)點(diǎn)(如下圖),無(wú)需其他任何配置,所以只需安裝或使用現(xiàn)有 Zookeeper 服務(wù)器即可,關(guān)于Zookeeper的安裝部署可以參照之前的博文: http://www.cnblogs.com/lengfo/p/4146797.html ,不再重復(fù)介紹。
Zookeeper同樣支持集群部署,提供最終一致性數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù),本文實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境只使用了一臺(tái)Linux服務(wù)器作為ZK Registry注冊(cè)服務(wù)器,zoo.cfg配置文件如下。
# The number of milliseconds of each tick
tickTime
=2000
# The number of ticks that the initial
# synchronization phase can take
initLimit
=10
# The number of ticks that can pass between
# sending a request and getting an acknowledgement
syncLimit
=5
# the directory where the snapshot is stored.
# do not use /tmp for storage
,
/tmp here is just
# example sakes.
dataDir
=/home/glf/zookeeperServer/data
dataLogDir=
/home/glf/zookeeperServer/logs
# the port at which the clients will connect
clientPort
=2181
# the maximum number of client connections.
# increase this if you need to handle more clients
#maxClientCnxns
=60
#
# Be sure to read the maintenance section of the
# administrator guide before turning on autopurge.
#
# http://zookeeper.apache.org/doc/current/zookeeperAdmin.html#sc_maintenance
#
# The number of snapshots to retain in dataDir
#autopurge.snapRetainCount
=3
# Purge task interval in hours
# Set to
"0"
to disable auto purge feature
#autopurge.purgeInterval
=1
?
四、服務(wù)提供方開(kāi)發(fā)(Provider)
1、創(chuàng)建Java測(cè)試項(xiàng)目 DubboDemo?,集成Spring Framework。由于dubbo基于Spring的Schema擴(kuò)展進(jìn)行加載,依賴于低版本spring,所以如果開(kāi)發(fā)項(xiàng)目中使用高版本(spring 3.0及以上)會(huì)出現(xiàn)xml解析沖突,官方QA中也有相關(guān)提及: http://alibaba.github.io/dubbo-doc-static/FAQ-zh.htm ,所以本文只集成了2.5.6版本spring,更多相關(guān)版本問(wèn)題也有待進(jìn)一步研究, Todo 。
2、集成dubbo及相關(guān)依賴包,參照下圖,如果使用dubbo其他特性可能需要依賴更多包,比如jedis。
3、創(chuàng)建測(cè)試服務(wù)接口(IGoodsManager)?
package
ibusiness;
public
interface
IGoodsManager {
public
String LoadGoods();
}
4、創(chuàng)建測(cè)試服務(wù)實(shí)現(xiàn)類(GoodsManager)
package
business;
import
com.alibaba.dubbo.rpc.RpcContext;
import
ibusiness.IGoodsManager;
public
class
GoodsManager
implements
IGoodsManager {
@Override
public
String LoadGoods() {
return
"可口可樂(lè),雀巢咖啡 " + "/n response form provider: " +
RpcContext.getContext().getLocalAddress();
}
}
5、通過(guò)spring 集成并配置dubbo測(cè)試服務(wù),同時(shí)指定registry的zookeeper服務(wù)器地址。
<?
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"
?>
<
beans
xmlns
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi
="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:dubbo
="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
xsi:schemaLocation
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd
"
>
<!--
dubbo 服務(wù)提供者應(yīng)用名稱
-->
<
dubbo:application
name
="demo-dubbo-provider-app"
/>
<!--
dubbo 注冊(cè)中心
-->
<
dubbo:registry
address
="zookeeper://10.129.221.64:2181"
/>
<!--
服務(wù)提供者 端口
-->
<
dubbo:protocol
name
="dubbo"
port
="30001"
/>
<!--
dubbo提供服務(wù)
-->
<
dubbo:service
interface
="ibusiness.IGoodsManager"
ref
="goodsService"
/>
<!--
spring bean 對(duì)象
-->
<
bean
id
="goodsService"
class
="business.GoodsManager"
/>
</
beans
>
6、編寫控制臺(tái)程序啟動(dòng)spring容器,編譯并打包Provider.jar
package
dubboProvider;
import
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import
org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public
class
DubboProvider {
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
try
{
//
初始化Spring
ApplicationContext ctx =
new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("dubboProvider\\dubboProvider.xml"
);
System.out.println(
"dubbo provider is running..."
);
System.in.read();
}
catch
(Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
?
五、服務(wù)消費(fèi)方開(kāi)發(fā)(Consumer)
1、通過(guò)spring 配置指定registry的zookeeper地址,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)dubbo遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)的調(diào)用
<?
xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"
?>
<
beans
xmlns
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi
="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:dubbo
="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo"
xsi:schemaLocation
="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo
http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd"
>
<
dubbo:application
name
="demo-dubbo-consumer-app"
/>
<
dubbo:registry
address
="zookeeper://10.129.221.64:2181"
/>
<!--
和本地bean一樣實(shí)現(xiàn)服務(wù)
-->
<
dubbo:reference
id
="goodsService"
interface
="ibusiness.IGoodsManager"
/>
</
beans
>
2、編寫調(diào)用測(cè)試客戶端代碼,從容器中獲取遠(yuǎn)程bean并調(diào)用。
package
dubboConsumer;
import
ibusiness.IGoodsManager;
import
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import
org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public
class
DubboConsumer {
public
static
void
main(String[] args) {
//
初始化Spring
ApplicationContext ctx =
new
ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("dubboConsumer\\dubboConsumer.xml"
);
IGoodsManager goodsManager
= (IGoodsManager) ctx.getBean("goodsService");
//
獲取遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)代理
String goodsStr = goodsManager.LoadGoods() ;
//
執(zhí)行遠(yuǎn)程方法
System.out.println(goodsStr);
}
}
3、 分別啟動(dòng)?provider、consumer 的測(cè)試程序發(fā)布和調(diào)用服務(wù),即簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)現(xiàn)了基于 zookeeper registry 的 dubbo 遠(yuǎn)程過(guò)程調(diào)用。
?
六、More about dubbo
以上簡(jiǎn)單的展示dubbo的RPC服務(wù)能力,更多關(guān)于dubbo的 集群管理、監(jiān)控、負(fù)載均衡、高可用性、可擴(kuò)展、伸縮性 等相關(guān)內(nèi)容請(qǐng)期待后續(xù)博文。
?
七、向開(kāi)源工作者和組織致敬, @dubbo?team ,感謝對(duì)開(kāi)源事業(yè)作出的任何貢獻(xiàn)
更多文章、技術(shù)交流、商務(wù)合作、聯(lián)系博主
微信掃碼或搜索:z360901061
微信掃一掃加我為好友
QQ號(hào)聯(lián)系: 360901061
您的支持是博主寫作最大的動(dòng)力,如果您喜歡我的文章,感覺(jué)我的文章對(duì)您有幫助,請(qǐng)用微信掃描下面二維碼支持博主2元、5元、10元、20元等您想捐的金額吧,狠狠點(diǎn)擊下面給點(diǎn)支持吧,站長(zhǎng)非常感激您!手機(jī)微信長(zhǎng)按不能支付解決辦法:請(qǐng)將微信支付二維碼保存到相冊(cè),切換到微信,然后點(diǎn)擊微信右上角掃一掃功能,選擇支付二維碼完成支付。
【本文對(duì)您有幫助就好】元

