原文: SQL Server 作業監控

在講解SQLServer Agent Jobs之前，先要講解msdb。

Msdb是SQLServer的系統數據庫之一，用于存儲SQLServer的配置、元數據等信息。包括：

l? SQLServer Agent Jobs,Job Steps,Job schedules,Alerts,Operators,等等。

l? Service Broker,Log Shipping,Backups/restore信息,維護計劃、數據庫郵件、基于策略管理信息等等。

l? SSIS包。

在這部分，主要集中在msdb的以下部分：

l? Job setup/configuration Information

l? Job Execution Information

l? Job Step(s) Setup/Configuration Information

l? Job Step(s) Execution Information

l? Schedule Information

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SQLServer 允許在Replication,SSIS,存儲過程,批處理上創建和執行各種自動化任務。允許使用GUI 或者T-SQL腳本創建。這些信息存儲在msdb中。SQL Server Agent Job Setup andConfiguration Information：

可以在SSMS中執行以下腳本查找作業信息：

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    SELECT  [sJOB].[job_id] AS [作業ID] ,

        [sJOB].[name] AS [作業名稱] ,

        [sDBP].[name] AS [作業創建者] ,

        [sCAT].[name] AS [作業種類] ,

        [sJOB].[description] AS [作業描述] ,

        CASE [sJOB].[enabled]

          WHEN 1 THEN '已啟用'

          WHEN 0 THEN '未啟用'

        END AS [是否啟用] ,--

        [sJOB].[date_created] AS [作業創建日期] ,

        [sJOB].[date_modified] AS [作業最后修改日期] ,

        [sSVR].[name] AS [作業運行服務器] ,

        [sJSTP].[step_id] AS [作業起始步驟] ,

        [sJSTP].[step_name] AS [步驟名稱] ,

        CASE WHEN [sSCH].[schedule_uid] IS NULL THEN '否'

             ELSE '是'

        END AS [是否分布式作業] ,

        [sSCH].[schedule_uid] AS [分布式作業ID] ,

        [sSCH].[name] AS [用戶定義名稱] ,

        CASE [sJOB].[delete_level]

          WHEN 0 THEN '不刪除'

          WHEN 1 THEN '成功后刪除'

          WHEN 2 THEN '失敗后刪除'

          WHEN 3 THEN '完成時刪除'

        END AS [完成時刪除作業級別]

FROM    [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobs] AS [sJOB]

        LEFT JOIN [msdb].[sys].[servers] AS [sSVR] ON [sJOB].[originating_server_id] = [sSVR].[server_id]

        LEFT JOIN [msdb].[dbo].[syscategories] AS [sCAT] ON [sJOB].[category_id] = [sCAT].[category_id]

        LEFT JOIN [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobsteps] AS [sJSTP] ON [sJOB].[job_id] = [sJSTP].[job_id]

                                                           AND [sJOB].[start_step_id] = [sJSTP].[step_id]

        LEFT JOIN [msdb].[sys].[database_principals] AS [sDBP] ON [sJOB].[owner_sid] = [sDBP].[sid]

        LEFT JOIN [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobschedules] AS [sJOBSCH] ON [sJOB].[job_id] = [sJOBSCH].[job_id]

        LEFT JOIN [msdb].[dbo].[sysschedules] AS [sSCH] ON [sJOBSCH].[schedule_id] = [sSCH].[schedule_id]

ORDER BY [作業名稱]


  

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SQL Server Agent Job Execution Information：

SQLServer同時存放作業執行信息在msdb中。可以執行以下腳本查詢作業執行情況：

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    SELECT  [sJOB].[job_id] AS [作業ID] ,

        [sJOB].[name] AS [作業名] ,

        CASE WHEN [sJOBH].[run_date] IS NULL

                  OR [sJOBH].[run_time] IS NULL THEN NULL

             ELSE CAST(CAST([sJOBH].[run_date] AS CHAR(8)) + ' '

                  + STUFF(STUFF(RIGHT('000000'

                                      + CAST([sJOBH].[run_time] AS VARCHAR(6)),

                                      6), 3, 0, ':'), 6, 0, ':') AS DATETIME)

        END AS [最近執行時間] ,

        CASE [sJOBH].[run_status]

          WHEN 0 THEN '失敗'

          WHEN 1 THEN '成功'

          WHEN 2 THEN '重試'

          WHEN 3 THEN '取消'

          WHEN 4 THEN '正在運行' -- In Progress

        END AS [最近執行狀態] ,

        STUFF(STUFF(RIGHT('000000'

                          + CAST([sJOBH].[run_duration] AS VARCHAR(6)), 6), 3,

                    0, ':'), 6, 0, ':') AS [LastRunDuration (HH:MM:SS)] ,

        [sJOBH].[message] AS [最近運行狀態信息] ,

        CASE [sJOBSCH].[NextRunDate]

          WHEN 0 THEN NULL

          ELSE CAST(CAST([sJOBSCH].[NextRunDate] AS CHAR(8)) + ' '

               + STUFF(STUFF(RIGHT('000000'

                                   + CAST([sJOBSCH].[NextRunTime] AS VARCHAR(6)),

                                   6), 3, 0, ':'), 6, 0, ':') AS DATETIME)

        END AS [下次運行時間]

FROM    [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobs] AS [sJOB]

        LEFT JOIN ( SELECT  [job_id] ,

                            MIN([next_run_date]) AS [NextRunDate] ,

                            MIN([next_run_time]) AS [NextRunTime]

                    FROM    [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobschedules]

                    GROUP BY [job_id]

                  ) AS [sJOBSCH] ON [sJOB].[job_id] = [sJOBSCH].[job_id]

        LEFT JOIN ( SELECT  [job_id] ,

                            [run_date] ,

                            [run_time] ,

                            [run_status] ,

                            [run_duration] ,

                            [message] ,

                            ROW_NUMBER() OVER ( PARTITION BY [job_id] ORDER BY [run_date] DESC, [run_time] DESC ) AS RowNumber

                    FROM    [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobhistory]

                    WHERE   [step_id] = 0

                  ) AS [sJOBH] ON [sJOB].[job_id] = [sJOBH].[job_id]

                                  AND [sJOBH].[RowNumber] = 1

ORDER BY [作業名]


  

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SQL Server Anget Job Steps Setup andconfiguration Information：

在作業系統中，一個作業是有層級的，可以包含一個或多個步驟。

運行以下腳本查看作業步驟信息：

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    SELECT  [sJOB].[job_id] AS [作業ID] ,

        [sJOB].[name] AS [作業名] ,

        [sJSTP].[step_uid] AS [步驟ID] ,

        [sJSTP].[step_id] AS [步驟序號] ,

        [sJSTP].[step_name] AS [步驟名] ,

        CASE [sJSTP].[subsystem]

          WHEN 'ActiveScripting' THEN 'ActiveX Script'

          WHEN 'CmdExec' THEN 'Operating system (CmdExec)'

          WHEN 'PowerShell' THEN 'PowerShell'

          WHEN 'Distribution' THEN 'Replication Distributor'

          WHEN 'Merge' THEN 'Replication Merge'

          WHEN 'QueueReader' THEN 'Replication Queue Reader'

          WHEN 'Snapshot' THEN 'Replication Snapshot'

          WHEN 'LogReader' THEN 'Replication Transaction-Log Reader'

          WHEN 'ANALYSISCOMMAND' THEN 'SQL Server Analysis Services Command'

          WHEN 'ANALYSISQUERY' THEN 'SQL Server Analysis Services Query'

          WHEN 'SSIS' THEN 'SQL Server Integration Services Package'

          WHEN 'TSQL' THEN 'Transact-SQL script (T-SQL)'

          ELSE sJSTP.subsystem

        END AS [作業子系統類型] ,

        [sPROX].[name] AS [作業運行賬號] ,

        [sJSTP].[database_name] AS [執行數據庫名] ,

        [sJSTP].[command] AS [執行命令] ,

        CASE [sJSTP].[on_success_action]

          WHEN 1 THEN 'Quit the job reporting success'

          WHEN 2 THEN 'Quit the job reporting failure'

          WHEN 3 THEN 'Go to the next step'

          WHEN 4

          THEN 'Go to Step: '

               + QUOTENAME(CAST([sJSTP].[on_success_step_id] AS VARCHAR(3)))

               + ' ' + [sOSSTP].[step_name]

        END AS [執行成功后反應] ,

        [sJSTP].[retry_attempts] AS [失敗時的重試次數] ,

        [sJSTP].[retry_interval] AS [重試間的等待時間 (Minutes)] ,

        CASE [sJSTP].[on_fail_action]

          WHEN 1 THEN 'Quit the job reporting success'

          WHEN 2 THEN 'Quit the job reporting failure'

          WHEN 3 THEN 'Go to the next step'

          WHEN 4

          THEN 'Go to Step: '

               + QUOTENAME(CAST([sJSTP].[on_fail_step_id] AS VARCHAR(3)))

               + ' ' + [sOFSTP].[step_name]

        END AS [執行失敗后反映]

FROM    [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobsteps] AS [sJSTP]

        INNER JOIN [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobs] AS [sJOB] ON [sJSTP].[job_id] = [sJOB].[job_id]

        LEFT JOIN [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobsteps] AS [sOSSTP] ON [sJSTP].[job_id] = [sOSSTP].[job_id]

                                                            AND [sJSTP].[on_success_step_id] = [sOSSTP].[step_id]

        LEFT JOIN [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobsteps] AS [sOFSTP] ON [sJSTP].[job_id] = [sOFSTP].[job_id]

                                                            AND [sJSTP].[on_fail_step_id] = [sOFSTP].[step_id]

        LEFT JOIN [msdb].[dbo].[sysproxies] AS [sPROX] ON [sJSTP].[proxy_id] = [sPROX].[proxy_id]

ORDER BY [作業名] ,

        [步驟序號]


  

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SQL Server Anget Job Steps ExecutionInformation：

在msdb中同樣存儲了步驟的執行計劃，執行以下語句檢查：

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    SELECT  [sJOB].[job_id] AS [作業ID] ,

        [sJOB].[name] AS [作業名稱] ,

        [sJSTP].[step_uid] AS [步驟ID] ,

        [sJSTP].[step_id] AS [步驟序號] ,

        [sJSTP].[step_name] AS [步驟名稱] ,

        CASE [sJSTP].[last_run_outcome]

          WHEN 0 THEN '失敗'

          WHEN 1 THEN '成功'

          WHEN 2 THEN '重試'

          WHEN 3 THEN '取消'

          WHEN 5 THEN '未知'

        END AS [上次運行狀態] ,

        STUFF(STUFF(RIGHT('000000'

                          + CAST([sJSTP].[last_run_duration] AS VARCHAR(6)), 6),

                    3, 0, ':'), 6, 0, ':') AS [LastRunDuration (HH:MM:SS)] ,

        [sJSTP].[last_run_retries] AS [上次重試次數] ,

        CASE [sJSTP].[last_run_date]

          WHEN 0 THEN NULL

          ELSE CAST(CAST([sJSTP].[last_run_date] AS CHAR(8)) + ' '

               + STUFF(STUFF(RIGHT('000000'

                                   + CAST([sJSTP].[last_run_time] AS VARCHAR(6)),

                                   6), 3, 0, ':'), 6, 0, ':') AS DATETIME)

        END AS [上次運行時間]

FROM    [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobsteps] AS [sJSTP]

        INNER JOIN [msdb].[dbo].[sysjobs] AS [sJOB] ON [sJSTP].[job_id] = [sJOB].[job_id]

ORDER BY [作業名稱] ,

        [步驟序號]


  

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SQL Server Agent Job Sechdule Information：

SQLServer允許在特定時間創建各種計劃，每個計劃能組合成一個或多個SQLServer Agent Jobs。執行以下腳本查詢情況：

    SELECT  [schedule_uid] AS [作業計劃ID] ,

        [name] AS [作業計劃名稱] ,

        CASE [enabled]

          WHEN 1 THEN '已啟用'

          WHEN 0 THEN '未啟用'

        END AS [是否啟用] ,

        CASE WHEN [freq_type] = 64

             THEN 'Start automatically when SQL Server Agent starts'

             WHEN [freq_type] = 128 THEN 'Start whenever the CPUs become idle'

             WHEN [freq_type] IN ( 4, 8, 16, 32 ) THEN 'Recurring'

             WHEN [freq_type] = 1 THEN 'One Time'

        END [作業計劃類型] ,

        CASE [freq_type]

          WHEN 1 THEN 'One Time'

          WHEN 4 THEN 'Daily'

          WHEN 8 THEN 'Weekly'

          WHEN 16 THEN 'Monthly'

          WHEN 32 THEN 'Monthly - Relative to Frequency Interval'

          WHEN 64 THEN 'Start automatically when SQL Server Agent starts'

          WHEN 128 THEN 'Start whenever the CPUs become idle'

        END [作業運行頻率] ,

        CASE [freq_type]

          WHEN 4

          THEN 'Occurs every ' + CAST([freq_interval] AS VARCHAR(3))

               + ' day(s)'

          WHEN 8

          THEN 'Occurs every ' + CAST([freq_recurrence_factor] AS VARCHAR(3))

               + ' week(s) on '

               + CASE WHEN [freq_interval] & 1 = 1 THEN 'Sunday'

                      ELSE ''

                 END + CASE WHEN [freq_interval] & 2 = 2 THEN ', Monday'

                            ELSE ''

                       END

               + CASE WHEN [freq_interval] & 4 = 4 THEN ', Tuesday'

                      ELSE ''

                 END + CASE WHEN [freq_interval] & 8 = 8 THEN ', Wednesday'

                            ELSE ''

                       END

               + CASE WHEN [freq_interval] & 16 = 16 THEN ', Thursday'

                      ELSE ''

                 END + CASE WHEN [freq_interval] & 32 = 32 THEN ', Friday'

                            ELSE ''

                       END

               + CASE WHEN [freq_interval] & 64 = 64 THEN ', Saturday'

                      ELSE ''

                 END

          WHEN 16

          THEN 'Occurs on Day ' + CAST([freq_interval] AS VARCHAR(3))

               + ' of every ' + CAST([freq_recurrence_factor] AS VARCHAR(3))

               + ' month(s)'

          WHEN 32

          THEN 'Occurs on ' + CASE [freq_relative_interval]

                                WHEN 1 THEN 'First'

                                WHEN 2 THEN 'Second'

                                WHEN 4 THEN 'Third'

                                WHEN 8 THEN 'Fourth'

                                WHEN 16 THEN 'Last'

                              END + ' ' + CASE [freq_interval]

                                            WHEN 1 THEN 'Sunday'

                                            WHEN 2 THEN 'Monday'

                                            WHEN 3 THEN 'Tuesday'

                                            WHEN 4 THEN 'Wednesday'

                                            WHEN 5 THEN 'Thursday'

                                            WHEN 6 THEN 'Friday'

                                            WHEN 7 THEN 'Saturday'

                                            WHEN 8 THEN 'Day'

                                            WHEN 9 THEN 'Weekday'

                                            WHEN 10 THEN 'Weekend day'

                                          END + ' of every '

               + CAST([freq_recurrence_factor] AS VARCHAR(3)) + ' month(s)'

        END AS [循環間隔] ,

        CASE [freq_subday_type]

          WHEN 1

          THEN 'Occurs once at ' + STUFF(STUFF(RIGHT('000000'

                                                     + CAST([active_start_time] AS VARCHAR(6)),

                                                     6), 3, 0, ':'), 6, 0, ':')

          WHEN 2

          THEN 'Occurs every ' + CAST([freq_subday_interval] AS VARCHAR(3))

               + ' Second(s) between ' + STUFF(STUFF(RIGHT('000000'

                                                           + CAST([active_start_time] AS VARCHAR(6)),

                                                           6), 3, 0, ':'), 6,

                                               0, ':') + ' & '

               + STUFF(STUFF(RIGHT('000000'

                                   + CAST([active_end_time] AS VARCHAR(6)), 6),

                             3, 0, ':'), 6, 0, ':')

          WHEN 4

          THEN 'Occurs every ' + CAST([freq_subday_interval] AS VARCHAR(3))

               + ' Minute(s) between ' + STUFF(STUFF(RIGHT('000000'

                                                           + CAST([active_start_time] AS VARCHAR(6)),

                                                           6), 3, 0, ':'), 6,

                                               0, ':') + ' & '

               + STUFF(STUFF(RIGHT('000000'

                                   + CAST([active_end_time] AS VARCHAR(6)), 6),

                             3, 0, ':'), 6, 0, ':')

          WHEN 8

          THEN 'Occurs every ' + CAST([freq_subday_interval] AS VARCHAR(3))

               + ' Hour(s) between ' + STUFF(STUFF(RIGHT('000000'

                                                         + CAST([active_start_time] AS VARCHAR(6)),

                                                         6), 3, 0, ':'), 6, 0,

                                             ':') + ' & '

               + STUFF(STUFF(RIGHT('000000'

                                   + CAST([active_end_time] AS VARCHAR(6)), 6),

                             3, 0, ':'), 6, 0, ':')

        END [計劃運行頻率] ,

        STUFF(STUFF(CAST([active_start_date] AS VARCHAR(8)), 5, 0, '-'), 8, 0,

              '-') AS [作業啟用開始時間] ,

        STUFF(STUFF(CAST([active_end_date] AS VARCHAR(8)), 5, 0, '-'), 8, 0,

              '-') AS [作業啟用結束時間] ,

        [date_created] AS [作業創建日期] ,

        [date_modified] AS [作業上次修改日期]

FROM    [msdb].[dbo].[sysschedules]

ORDER BY [作業計劃名稱]


  

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SQL Server 作業監控