1 Apache+tomcat集群配置

1.1 分布式實現原理

張軍博客

如上圖所示，主要通過Apache-Server作為中轉服務器，實現多個tomcat服務器之間的分布式處理，用戶直接請求Apache-Server，然后Apache-Server會將請求分發到具體的tomcat-server，之后tomcat-server響應客戶請求并返回結果到Apache-Server，最后Apache-Server返回結果給用戶

1.2 負載均衡

文件說明：

mod_jk.conf

主要定義mod_jk模塊的位置以及mod_jk模塊的連接日志設置，還有定義worker.properties文件的位置。

worker.properties

定義worker的參數，主要是連接tomcat主機的地址和端口信息。如果Tomcat與apache不在同一臺機器上，或者需要做多臺機器上tomcat的負載均衡只需要更改workers.properties文件中的相應定義即可。

％APACHE_HOME％為你的安裝目錄

環境說明：

主要使用了一個Apache Server和兩個Tomcat，在同一臺電腦上進行測試。

1.3 準備軟件

Jdk1.6

下載地址：http://java.sun.com

tomcat6.0.37

下載地址：http://jakarta.apache.org

httpd-2.2.19-win64

下載地址：http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi

mod_jk1.2.30_x64(主要作用是建立Apache Server與Tomcat之間的連接)

下載地址：http://www.apache.org/dist/tomcat/tomcat-connectors/jk/binaries/

說明：apache-server安裝完成后，可以在瀏覽器中輸入http://localhost/來測試，如果出現” It works!”則表示安裝成功。

1.4 Windows下64位Apache服務器的安裝

首先需要說明的是，Apaceh服務器沒有官方的64位版本，只有民間的高手自己制作的。下面是具體的安裝步驟。

1. 在https://blackdot.be/download-archive/ 下載64位的Apache服務器。目前的版本是2.2.19，下載之后的壓縮包名為httpd-2.2.19-win64.rar；

2. 將該包解壓至一個目錄，如我的目錄為E:\Apache2.2.19；

3. 修改conf文件夾下的httpd.conf文件：
將文件中的/httpd-2.2-x64全部替換為自己的解壓目錄，如E:/Apache2.2.19，注意這里的路徑中必須使用斜杠“/”；
將Listen 80改為Listen 8080，若已開啟IIS，則80端口就不能用了；
將#LoadModule rewrite_module modules/mod_rewrite.so這一行最前面的#去掉。

4. 執行安裝命令。通過命令行進入自己的安裝目錄下的bin文件夾，如E:\Apache2.2.19\bin，執行命令httpd.exe -k install，這樣就把apache加入了系統服務，默認服務名為Apache2.2。啟動服務的命令為httpd.exe -k start。

5. 測試安裝是否成功。開啟服務，運行Apache服務器后，打開瀏覽器輸入http://localhost:8080/，如果頁面顯示It works!，則表示安裝成功，Apache服務器可以正常使用。

要實現session復制，還需要在context.xml添加屬性distributable="true"，如下：

<Context distributable="true"/>

6. web.xml

<distributable/>

1.5 修改tomcat端口號和安裝mod_jk連接模塊

1.5.1 修改tomcat8990配置文件server.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>

<!--

Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more

contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with

this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.

The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0

(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with

the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

limitations under the License.

-->

<!-- Note: A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not

define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.

Documentation at /docs/config/server.html

-->

<!-- Global JNDI resources

Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html

-->

<!-- Editable user database that can also be used by

UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users

-->

<Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"

type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"

description="User database that can be updated and saved"

factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"

pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />

</GlobalNamingResources>

<!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share

a single "Container" Note: A "Service" is not itself a "Container",

so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.

Documentation at /docs/config/service.html

-->

<!--

<Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"

maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>

-->

<!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received

and responses are returned. Documentation at :

Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html (blocking & non-blocking)

Java AJP Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html

APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html

Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080

-->

<Connector port="8990"

maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25" maxSpareThreads="75"

enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8991" acceptCount="100"

connectionTimeout="20000" disableUploadTimeout="true" URIEncoding="UTF-8"/>

<!--

<Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"

port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"

connectionTimeout="20000"

redirectPort="8443" />

-->

<!-- Define a SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443

This connector uses the JSSE configuration, when using APR, the

connector should be using the OpenSSL style configuration

described in the APR documentation -->

<!--

<Connector port="8443" protocol="HTTP/1.1" SSLEnabled="true"

maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true"

clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" />

-->

<!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes

every request. The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone

analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them

on to the appropriate Host (virtual host).

Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html -->

<!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :

-->

<!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:

/docs/cluster-howto.html (simple how to)

/docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->

<!--

-->

<!—集群配置-->

<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>

<!-- The request dumper valve dumps useful debugging information about

the request and response data received and sent by Tomcat.

Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->

<!--

-->

<!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI

resources under the key "UserDatabase". Any edits

that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately

available for use by the Realm. -->

<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"

resourceName="UserDatabase"/>

<!-- Define the default virtual host

Note: XML Schema validation will not work with Xerces 2.2.

-->

<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps"

unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"

xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">

<!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications

Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->

<!--

-->

<!-- Access log processes all example.

Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->

<!--

<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"

prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt" pattern="common" resolveHosts="false"/>

-->

<!--

E:\versionManager\sources\java\zj-utils\message_solr_1\WebRoot

-->

<!--

</Context>-->

<!--

</Context>

</Context>

-->

<!--

</Context>

-->

<!--<Context path="/iqc" docBase="e:\MyEclipse-8.6.1\iqc\WebRoot" crossContext="true" reloadable="false"/>

-->

<!--<Context path="/iqc" docBase="E:\MyEclipse8.6.1\iqc-ccb\WebRoot" crossContext="true" reloadable="false" />

</Context>-->

<!--<Context path="/solr" docBase="E:\bigfile\services\java\apache-lucene-solr4\service\solr" reloadable="false">

</Context>-->

<!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications

Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->

<!--

-->

<!-- Access log processes all example.

Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->

<!--

<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"

prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt" pattern="common" resolveHosts="false"/>

-->

</Host>

</Engine>

</Service>

</Server>

1.5.2 修改tomcat8990配置文件context.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>

<!--

Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more

contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with

this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.

The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0

(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with

the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

limitations under the License.

-->

<!--

-->

<!-- Uncomment this to enable Comet connection tacking (provides events

on session expiration as well as webapp lifecycle) -->

<!--

-->

</Context>

1.5.3 修改tomcat8999配置文件server.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>

<!--

Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more

contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with

this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.

The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0

(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with

the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

limitations under the License.

-->

<!-- Note: A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not

define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.

Documentation at /docs/config/server.html

-->

<!-- Global JNDI resources

Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html

-->

<!-- Editable user database that can also be used by

UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users

-->

<Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"

type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"

description="User database that can be updated and saved"

factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"

pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />

</GlobalNamingResources>

<!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share

a single "Container" Note: A "Service" is not itself a "Container",

so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.

Documentation at /docs/config/service.html

-->

<!--

<Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"

maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>

-->

<!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received

and responses are returned. Documentation at :

Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html (blocking & non-blocking)

Java AJP Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html

APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html

Define a non-SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080

-->

<Connector port="8999"

maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="25" maxSpareThreads="75"

enableLookups="false" redirectPort="8997" acceptCount="100"

connectionTimeout="20000" disableUploadTimeout="true" URIEncoding="UTF-8"/>

<!--

<Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"

port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"

connectionTimeout="20000"

redirectPort="8443" />

-->

<!-- Define a SSL HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443

This connector uses the JSSE configuration, when using APR, the

connector should be using the OpenSSL style configuration

described in the APR documentation -->

<!--

<Connector port="8443" protocol="HTTP/1.1" SSLEnabled="true"

maxThreads="150" scheme="https" secure="true"

clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" />

-->

<!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes

every request. The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone

analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them

on to the appropriate Host (virtual host).

Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html -->

<!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :

-->

<!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:

/docs/cluster-howto.html (simple how to)

/docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->

<!--

-->

<!—集群配置-->

<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>

<!-- The request dumper valve dumps useful debugging information about

the request and response data received and sent by Tomcat.

Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->

<!--

-->

<!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI

resources under the key "UserDatabase". Any edits

that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately

available for use by the Realm. -->

<Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"

resourceName="UserDatabase"/>

<!-- Define the default virtual host

Note: XML Schema validation will not work with Xerces 2.2.

-->

<Host name="localhost" appBase="webapps"

unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true"

xmlValidation="false" xmlNamespaceAware="false">

<!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications

Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->

<!--

-->

<!-- Access log processes all example.

Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->

<!--

<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"

prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt" pattern="common" resolveHosts="false"/>

-->

<!--

E:\versionManager\sources\java\zj-utils\message_solr_1\WebRoot

-->

<!--

</Context>-->

<!--

</Context>

</Context>

-->

<!--

</Context>

-->

<!--<Context path="/iqc" docBase="e:\MyEclipse-8.6.1\iqc\WebRoot" crossContext="true" reloadable="false"/>

-->

<!--<Context path="/iqc" docBase="E:\MyEclipse8.6.1\iqc-ccb\WebRoot" crossContext="true" reloadable="false" />

</Context>-->

<!--<Context path="/solr" docBase="E:\bigfile\services\java\apache-lucene-solr4\service\solr" reloadable="false">

</Context>-->

<!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications

Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->

<!--

-->

<!-- Access log processes all example.

Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->

<!--

<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"

prefix="localhost_access_log." suffix=".txt" pattern="common" resolveHosts="false"/>

-->

</Host>

</Engine>

</Service>

</Server>

1.5.4 修改tomcat8999配置文件context.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>

<!--

Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more

contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with

this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.

The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0

(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with

the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

limitations under the License.

-->

<!--

-->

<!-- Uncomment this to enable Comet connection tacking (provides events

on session expiration as well as webapp lifecycle) -->

<!--

-->

</Context>

1.5.5 創建文件

安裝好Jdk、tomcat、apache后,加入mod_jk連接模塊，把mod_jk1.2.30_x64\modules\ mod_jk.so文件拷貝到％APACHE_HOME％\modules下，把jk模塊的配置放到單獨的文件中來，在％APACHE_HOME％\conf目錄新建workers.properties文件。

1.5.6 在httpd.conf最后加上

#加載mod_jk Module

LoadModule jk_module modules/mod_jk.so

#指定 workers.properties文件路徑

JkWorkersFile conf/workers.properties

#指定那些請求交給tomcat處理,"controller"為在workers.propertise里指定的負載分配控制器

JkMount /*.jsp controller

創建mod_jk.conf文件，也可用Include conf/mod_jk.conf包含

1.5.7 修改workers.properties文件

#server 列表

worker.list = controller,tomcat1,tomcat2

#========tomcat1========

#ajp13 端口號，在tomcat下server.xml配置,默認8009

worker.tomcat1.port=8992

#tomcat的主機地址，如不為本機，請填寫ip地址

worker.tomcat1.host=localhost

worker.tomcat1.type=ajp13

#server的加權比重，值越高，分得的請求越多

worker.tomcat1.lbfactor=1

#========tomcat2========

#ajp13 端口號，在tomcat下server.xml配置,默認8009

worker.tomcat2.port=8996

#tomcat的主機地址，如不為本機，請填寫ip地址

worker.tomcat2.host= localhost

worker.tomcat2.type=ajp13

#server的加權比重，值越高，分得的請求越多

worker.tomcat2.lbfactor=1

#========controller,負載均衡控制器========

worker.controller.type=lb

#指定分擔請求的tomcat

worker.controller.balanced_workers=tomcat1,tomcat2

worker.controller.sticky_session=1

1.6 編寫一個測試頁面testsession.jsp

<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>

Object mark = session.getAttribute("mark");

if (mark==null){

session.setAttribute("mark",new Date());

}

System.out.println("hello:"+mark);

控制臺打印端口號（8990和8999）

hello

hello:Thu Aug 13 00:48:18 CST 2015

2 Ehcache分布式緩存

2.1 手動進行成員發現

進行手動成員配置要知道每個監聽器的IP地址和端口。成員不能在運行時動態地添加

和移除。在技術上很難使用廣播的情況下就可以手動成員發現，例如在集群的服務器之間有

一個不能傳送廣播報文的路由器。你也可以用手動成員發現進行單向的數據復制，只讓

server2知道server1而server1不知道server

配置手動成員發現，需要指定ehcache配置文件中cacheManagerPeerProviderFactory的

properties屬性，像下面這樣：

peerDiscovery=manual rmiUrls=//server:port/cacheName, ...

rmiUrls配置的是服務器cache peers的列表。注意不要重復配置

Server1節點IP:localhost:8990

Server2節點IP:localhost:8999

2.2 示例

假設你在集群中有兩臺服務器。你要同步sampleCache1和sampleCache2。下面是每個

服務器需要的配置

2.2.1 配置server1的ehcache.xml

#各節點對應不同的ehcache.xml文件

cons.cache.file.path=E:/bigfile/services/java/cluster/cache-files/8990/ehcache.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

</cache>

</cache>

</ehcache>

2.2.2 配置server2的ehcache.xml

#各節點對應不同的ehcache.xml文件

cons.cache.file.path=E:/bigfile/services/java/cluster/cache-files/8999/ehcache.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

</cache>

</cache>

</ehcache>

2.2.3 不同地址訪問頁面效果如下

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