打算升級pycurl庫，輸入：pip install --upgrade pycurl，提示如下：
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
Collecting pycurl
? Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/ac/b3/0f3979633b7890bab6098d84c84467030b807a1e2b31f5d30103af5a71ca/pycurl-7.43.0.3.tar.gz (215kB)
???? |████████████████████████████████| 215kB 1.4MB/s
Building wheels for collected packages: pycurl
? Building wheel for pycurl (setup.py) ... error
? ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
?? command: /usr/bin/python3 -u -c 'import sys, setuptools, tokenize; sys.argv[0] = '"'"'/tmp/pip-install-d658jooi/pycurl/setup.py'"'"'; __file__='"'"'/tmp/pip-install-d658jooi/pycurl/setup.py'"'"';f=getattr(tokenize, '"'"'open'"'"', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('"'"'\r\n'"'"', '"'"'\n'"'"');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, '"'"'exec'"'"'))' bdist_wheel -d /tmp/pip-wheel-1olx_50x --python-tag cp37
?????? cwd: /tmp/pip-install-d658jooi/pycurl/
? Complete output (22 lines):
? Using curl-config (libcurl 7.65.3)
? /tmp/pip-install-d658jooi/pycurl/setup.py:376: DeprecationWarning: dist() and linux_distribution() functions are deprecated in Python 3.5
??? dist_name, dist_version, _ = platform.dist()
? Warning: libcurl is configured to use SSL, but we have not been able to determine which SSL backend it is using. If your Curl is built against OpenSSL, LibreSSL, BoringSSL, GnuTLS, NSS or mbedTLS please specify the SSL backend manually. For other SSL backends please ignore this message.Not using an SSL library
? running bdist_wheel
? running build
? running build_py
? creating build
? creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7
? creating build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/curl
? copying python/curl/__init__.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-3.7/curl
? running build_ext
? building 'pycurl' extension
? creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7
? creating build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/src
? gcc -pthread -Wno-unused-result -Wsign-compare -DDYNAMIC_ANNOTATIONS_ENABLED=1 -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Werror=format-security -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -Wp,-D_GLIBCXX_ASSERTIONS -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong -grecord-gcc-switches -m64 -mtune=generic -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -fstack-clash-protection -fcf-protection -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -DPYCURL_VERSION="7.43.0.3" -DHAVE_CURL_SSL=1 -I/usr/include/python3.7m -c src/docstrings.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-3.7/src/docstrings.o
? In file included from src/docstrings.c:4:
? src/pycurl.h:4:10: fatal error: Python.h: No such file or directory
????? 4 | #include
??????? |????????? ^~~~~~~~~~
? compilation terminated.
? error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1
? ----------------------------------------
? ERROR: Failed building wheel for pycurl
? Running setup.py clean for pycurl
Failed to build pycurl
Installing collected packages: pycurl
? Found existing installation: pycurl 7.43.0.2
ERROR: Cannot uninstall 'pycurl'. It is a distutils installed project and thus we cannot accurately determine which files belong to it which would lead to only a partial uninstall.
由錯誤提示，很明顯，沒有#include
安裝一下python3-devel把。
輸入：dnf install python3-devel，提示如下：
Last metadata expiration check: 0:56:56 ago on Sat 27 Jul 2019 06:12:55 PM CST.
Dependencies resolved.
=======================================================================================================================================
?Package?????????????????????????????????? Architecture????????????? Version????????????????????????? Repository????????????????? Size
=======================================================================================================================================
Installing:
?python3-devel???????????????????????????? x86_64??????????????????? 3.7.3-3.fc30???????????????????? updates??????????????????? 211 k
Installing dependencies:
?python3-rpm-generators??????????????????? noarch??????????????????? 8-1.fc30???????????????????????? updates???????????????????? 23 k
?python-rpm-macros???????????????????????? noarch??????????????????? 3-42.fc30??????????????????????? fedora????????????????????? 11 k
?python-srpm-macros??????????????????????? noarch??????????????????? 3-42.fc30??????????????????????? fedora????????????????????? 11 k
?python3-rpm-macros??????????????????????? noarch??????????????????? 3-42.fc30??????????????????????? fedora????????????????????? 10 kTransaction Summary
=======================================================================================================================================
Install? 5 PackagesTotal download size: 267 k
Installed size: 816 k
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/5): python3-rpm-generators-8-1.fc30.noarch.rpm????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 8.3 kB/s |? 23 kB???? 00:02
(2/5): python-rpm-macros-3-42.fc30.noarch.rpm????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 4.1 kB/s |? 11 kB???? 00:02
(3/5): python-srpm-macros-3-42.fc30.noarch.rpm????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 61 kB/s |? 11 kB???? 00:00
(4/5): python3-rpm-macros-3-42.fc30.noarch.rpm????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 51 kB/s |? 10 kB???? 00:00
(5/5): python3-devel-3.7.3-3.fc30.x86_64.rpm??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 68 kB/s | 211 kB???? 00:03
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 31 kB/s | 267 kB???? 00:08
Running transaction check
Transaction check succeeded.
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded.
Running transaction
? Preparing??????? :?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 1/1
? Installing?????? : python-srpm-macros-3-42.fc30.noarch?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 1/5
? Installing?????? : python-rpm-macros-3-42.fc30.noarch??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2/5
? Installing?????? : python3-rpm-macros-3-42.fc30.noarch?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 3/5
? Installing?????? : python3-rpm-generators-8-1.fc30.noarch??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 4/5
? Installing?????? : python3-devel-3.7.3-3.fc30.x86_64???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 5/5
? Running scriptlet: python3-devel-3.7.3-3.fc30.x86_64???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 5/5
? Verifying??????? : python3-devel-3.7.3-3.fc30.x86_64???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 1/5
? Verifying??????? : python3-rpm-generators-8-1.fc30.noarch??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2/5
? Verifying??????? : python-rpm-macros-3-42.fc30.noarch??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 3/5
? Verifying??????? : python-srpm-macros-3-42.fc30.noarch?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 4/5
? Verifying??????? : python3-rpm-macros-3-42.fc30.noarch?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 5/5Installed:
? python3-devel-3.7.3-3.fc30.x86_64?????????? python3-rpm-generators-8-1.fc30.noarch???????? python-rpm-macros-3-42.fc30.noarch
? python-srpm-macros-3-42.fc30.noarch???????? python3-rpm-macros-3-42.fc30.noarchComplete!
安裝很順利，成功~
接著輸入：pip install --upgrade pycurl，升級pycurl，提示如下錯誤：
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
Collecting pycurl
? Downloading https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/packages/ac/b3/0f3979633b7890bab6098d84c84467030b807a1e2b31f5d30103af5a71ca/pycurl-7.43.0.3.tar.gz (215kB)
???? |████████████████████████████████| 215kB 976kB/s
Building wheels for collected packages: pycurl
? Building wheel for pycurl (setup.py) ... done
? Created wheel for pycurl: filename=pycurl-7.43.0.3-cp37-cp37m-linux_x86_64.whl size=295012 sha256=1910917c1325d6c4abf6e36f2bfa6f64e1869df0c13fc96c33e7d7ae4ceb13ac
? Stored in directory: /root/.cache/pip/wheels/79/4f/eb/a62d903e72f06bdccb8c945a31a12f3e481e84ea0b4b198104
Successfully built pycurl
Installing collected packages: pycurl
? Found existing installation: pycurl 7.43.0.2
ERROR: Cannot uninstall 'pycurl'. It is a distutils installed project and thus we cannot accurately determine which files belong to it which would lead to only a partial uninstall.
OK，那就加上--ignore-installed選項吧。輸入：pip install --upgrade --ignore-installed pycurl
Looking in indexes: https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/
Collecting pycurl
Installing collected packages: pycurl
Successfully installed pycurl-7.43.0.3
?至此，升級完全成功，大功告成~~~~
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