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PYTHON游戲編程外星人入侵的完整實(shí)現(xiàn)思路，具體內(nèi)容如下

準(zhǔn)備工作：下載python，比如Anaconda3（64 bit），導(dǎo)入pygame游戲包

1.外星人設(shè)置，alien.py，代碼：

            
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Alien(Sprite):
 """表示單個(gè)外星人的類"""
 
 def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):
  """初始化外星人并設(shè)置其他位置"""
  super(Alien,self).__init__()
  self.screen = screen
  self.ai_settings = ai_settings
  
  #加載外星人圖像，并設(shè)置其rect屬性
  self.image = pygame.image.load('images/alien.bmp')
  self.rect = self.image.get_rect()
  
  #每個(gè)外星人最初都在屏幕左上角附近
  self.rect.x = self.rect.width
  self.rect.y = self.rect.height
  
  #存儲(chǔ)外星人的準(zhǔn)確位置
  self.x = float(self.rect.x)
  
  
 def blitme(self):
  """在指定位置繪制外星人"""
  self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)
    
 def check_edges(self):
  """如果外星人位于屏幕邊緣，就返回True"""
  screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()
  if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right:
   return True
  elif self.rect.left <= 0:
   return True
 
 def update(self):
  """向右移動(dòng)外星人"""
  self.x += (self.ai_settings.alien_speed_factor * self.ai_settings.fleet_direction)
  self.rect.x = self.x

2.游戲主程序，alien_invasion.py，代碼:

            
import pygame

from settings import Settings
from game_stats import GameStats
from button import Button
from ship import Ship
from pygame.sprite import Group
import game_functions as gf
from scoreboard import Scoreboard

def run_game():
  pygame.init()    # 初始化背景設(shè)置
  ai_settings = Settings()    # 全局設(shè)置

  screen = pygame.display.set_mode(      # 創(chuàng)建screen顯示窗口
    (ai_settings.screen_width,ai_settings.screen_height)
  )
  pygame.display.set_caption('Alien Invasion')  # 標(biāo)題
  #新建Play按鈕
  play_button = Button(ai_settings,screen,"Play")
  #創(chuàng)建一個(gè)用于存儲(chǔ)游戲統(tǒng)計(jì)信息的實(shí)例,并創(chuàng)建記分牌
  stats = GameStats(ai_settings)
  sb = Scoreboard(ai_settings, screen, stats)
  # 創(chuàng)建飛船
  ship = Ship(ai_settings,screen)
  # 創(chuàng)建子彈編組
  bullets = Group()
  
  #創(chuàng)建一個(gè)外星人
  aliens = Group()
  #創(chuàng)建外星人群
  gf.create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
  
  # 開始游戲主循環(huán)
  while True:
    # 監(jiān)視鍵盤和鼠標(biāo)事件
    gf.check_events(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets)
    
    if stats.game_active:
      # 移動(dòng)飛船
      gf.update_ship(ship)
      # 更新子彈位置
      gf.update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
      #更新外星人
      gf.update_aliens(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
    # 更新屏幕
    gf.update_screen(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets,play_button)

run_game()

3.設(shè)置子彈，bullet.py，代碼：

            
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite
import time

class Bullet(Sprite):
  '''飛船子彈進(jìn)行管理'''

  def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,ship):
    super(Bullet,self).__init__()
    self.screen = screen

    # 創(chuàng)建子彈矩形初始位置（0,0,3,15）分別對應(yīng)lef，top，寬，高
    self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,
    ai_settings.bullet_width, ai_settings.bullet_height)

    self.rect.centerx = ship.rect.centerx # 設(shè)置中心點(diǎn)x軸坐標(biāo)跟飛船一致
    self.rect.top = ship.rect.top     # 設(shè)置y軸坐標(biāo)頂部跟飛船一致

    # 設(shè)置成小數(shù)進(jìn)行計(jì)算
    self.top = float(self.rect.top)

    self.color = ai_settings.bullet_color
    self.speed_factor = ai_settings.bullet_speed_factor

  def update(self):
    self.top -=self.speed_factor
    self.rect.top = self.top
    print(self.rect.top)

  def draw_bullet(self):
    pygame.draw.rect(self.screen,self.color,self.rect)

4.設(shè)置Play按鈕，button.py，代碼：

            
import pygame.font

class Button():
  
  def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen,msg):
    """初始化按鈕屬性"""
    self.screen = screen
    self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
    
    #設(shè)置按鈕的尺寸和其他屬性
    self.width,self.height = 200,50
    self.button_color = (0,255,0)
    self.text_color = (255,255,255)
    self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None,48)
    
    #創(chuàng)建按鈕的rect對象，并使其居中
    self.rect = pygame.Rect(0,0,self.width,self.height)
    self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center
    
    #按鈕的標(biāo)簽只需創(chuàng)建一次
    self.prep_msg(msg)
    
  def prep_msg(self,msg):
    """將msg渲染為圖像，并使其在按鈕上居中"""
    self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg,True,self.text_color,self.button_color)
    self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()
    self.msg_image_rect.center =self.rect.center
  
  def draw_button(self):
    #繪制一個(gè)用顏色填充的按鈕，再繪制文本
    self.screen.fill(self.button_color,self.rect)
    self.screen.blit(self.msg_image,self.msg_image_rect)

5.設(shè)置游戲功能，game_functions.py，代碼：

            
import sys
import pygame
from bullet import Bullet
from alien import Alien
from time import sleep

def check_events(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets):
  # 監(jiān)視鍵盤和鼠標(biāo)事件
  for event in pygame.event.get():

    if event.type == pygame.QUIT: # 關(guān)閉窗口退出
      sys.exit()
    elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:
      check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
    elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:
      check_keyup_events(event,ship)
    elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
      mouse_x, mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
      check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets,mouse_x, mouse_y)
      
def check_play_button(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,play_button,ship,aliens,bullets,mouse_x, mouse_y):
  """在玩家單擊Play按鈕時(shí)開始游戲"""
  button_clicked = play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x,mouse_y)
  if button_clicked and not stats.game_active:
    #重置游戲設(shè)置
    ai_settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()
    
    #隱藏光標(biāo)
    pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)
    #重置游戲統(tǒng)計(jì)信息
    stats.reset_stats()
    stats.game_active = True
    
    #重置計(jì)分牌圖像
    sb.prep_score()
    sb.prep_high_score()
    sb.prep_level()
    sb.prep_ships()
    
    #清空外星人列表和子彈列表
    aliens.empty()
    bullets.empty()
    
    #創(chuàng)建一群新的外星人，并讓飛船居中
    create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
    ship.center_ship()
    
def update_screen(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets,play_button):
  '''更新屏幕上的圖片，并切換到新屏幕'''
  screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color) # 設(shè)置背景顏色
  ship.blitme() # 繪制飛船
  aliens.draw(screen)
  # 循環(huán)子彈組里面的元素，進(jìn)行繪制 為空時(shí)不執(zhí)行
  for bullet in bullets.sprites():
    bullet.draw_bullet()  # 繪制子彈
  #顯示得分
  sb.show_score()
  #如果游戲處于非活躍狀態(tài)，就顯示Play按鈕
  if not stats.game_active:
    play_button.draw_button()
  # 顯示最新屏幕，擦拭舊屏幕
  pygame.display.flip()
  # print('1')

def check_keydown_events(event,ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
  if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
    ship.moving_right = True
  elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
    ship.moving_left = True
  elif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
    fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets)
  elif event.key == pygame.K_q:
    sys.exit()

def check_keyup_events(event,ship):
  if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:
    ship.moving_right = False
  elif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:
    ship.moving_left = False

def update_bullets(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
  '''更新子彈位置，刪除子彈'''
  bullets.update()   # 子彈組每個(gè)成員執(zhí)行self.update()操作
  for bullet in bullets.sprites():
    if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0: # 子彈出界 刪除
      bullets.remove(bullet)
  check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)

def check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings,screen,stats,sb,ship,aliens,bullets): 
  """響應(yīng)外星人和子彈的碰撞"""
  #刪除發(fā)生碰撞的子彈和外星人
  collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets,aliens,True,True)
  
  if collisions:
    for aliens in collisions.values(): 
      stats.score += ai_settings.alien_points * len(aliens)
      sb.prep_score()
    check_high_score(stats,sb)
    
  if len(aliens)==0:
    #刪除現(xiàn)有的子彈并新建一群外星人,加快游戲進(jìn)度節(jié)奏
    bullets.empty()
    ai_settings.increase_speed()
    
    #提高等級(jí)
    stats.level += 1
    sb.prep_level()
    
    create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)

def update_ship(ship):
  ship.update()

def fire_bullet(ai_settings,screen,ship,bullets):
  # 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)子彈對象 加入到子彈組
  if len(bullets) < ai_settings.bullets_allowed: # 子彈少于允許值時(shí)再生成
    new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship)
    bullets.add(new_bullet)

def get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien_width):
  """計(jì)算每行可容納多少個(gè)外星人"""
  available_space_x = ai_settings.screen_width - 2 * alien_width
  number_aliens_x = int(available_space_x / (2 * alien_width))
  return number_aliens_x

def get_number_rows(ai_settings,ship_height,alien_height):
  """計(jì)算屏幕可容納多少行外星人"""
  available_space_y = (ai_settings.screen_height - (3 * alien_height) - ship_height)
  number_rows = int(available_space_y / (2 * alien_height))
  return number_rows
  
def create_aliens(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number):
  """創(chuàng)建一個(gè)外星人并將其放在當(dāng)期行"""
  alien = Alien(ai_settings,screen)
  alien_width = alien.rect.width
  alien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_number   
  alien.rect.x = alien.x
  alien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_number
  aliens.add(alien)
    
def create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens):
  """創(chuàng)建外星人群"""
  #創(chuàng)建一個(gè)外星人，并計(jì)算一行可以容納多少個(gè)外星人
  #外星人間距為外星人寬度
  alien = Alien(ai_settings,screen)
  number_aliens_x = get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings,alien.rect.width)
  number_rows = get_number_rows(ai_settings,ship.rect.height,alien.rect.height)
  
  #創(chuàng)建第一行外星人
  for row_number in range(number_rows):
    for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):
      #創(chuàng)建一個(gè)外星人并將其加入當(dāng)前行
      create_aliens(ai_settings,screen,aliens,alien_number,row_number)
 
def check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens):
  """有外星人到達(dá)邊緣時(shí)采取相應(yīng)措施"""
  for alien in aliens.sprites():
    if alien.check_edges():
      change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens)
      break
    
def change_fleet_direction(ai_settings,aliens):
  """將整群外星人下移，并改變他們的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向"""
  for alien in aliens.sprites():
    alien.rect.y += ai_settings.fleet_drop_speed
  ai_settings.fleet_direction *= -1

def ship_hit(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
  """響應(yīng)被外星人撞到的飛船"""
  if stats.ships_left > 0:
    #將ship_left減1
    stats.ships_left -= 1
    
    #更新記分牌
    sb.prep_ships()
    
    #清空外星人列表和子彈列表
    aliens.empty()
    bullets.empty()
    #創(chuàng)建一群新的外星人，并將飛船放到屏幕低端中央
    create_fleet(ai_settings,screen,ship,aliens)
    ship.center_ship()
    #暫停
    sleep(0.5)
  else:
    stats.game_active = False
    pygame.mouse.set_visible(True)

def check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
  """檢查是否有外星人到達(dá)屏幕低端"""
  screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
  for alien in aliens.sprites():
    if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:
      #像飛船被撞到一樣進(jìn)行處理
      ship_hit(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
      break

       
def update_aliens(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets):
  """更新外星人群中所有外星人的位置"""
  check_fleet_edges(ai_settings,aliens)
  aliens.update()
  #檢測外星人和飛船之間的碰撞
  if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship,aliens):
    ship_hit(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)
  #檢查是否有外星人到達(dá)屏幕低端
  check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings,stats,screen,sb,ship,aliens,bullets)

def check_high_score(stats,sb):
  """檢查是否誕生了新的最高紀(jì)錄"""
  if stats.score > stats.high_score:
    stats.high_score = stats.score
    sb.prep_high_score()

6.游戲統(tǒng)計(jì)信息，game_stats.py，代碼：

            
class GameStats():
  """跟蹤游戲的統(tǒng)計(jì)信息"""
  def __init__(self,ai_settings):
    """初始化統(tǒng)計(jì)信息"""
    self.ai_settings = ai_settings
    self.reset_stats()
    #游戲剛啟動(dòng)時(shí)處于非活動(dòng)狀態(tài)
    self.game_active = False
    #在任何情況下不應(yīng)該重置最高分
    self.high_score = 0
    self.level = 1
    
  def reset_stats(self):
    """初始化在游戲運(yùn)行期間可能變化的統(tǒng)計(jì)信息"""
    self.ships_left = self.ai_settings.ship_limit
    self.score = 0

7.分?jǐn)?shù)設(shè)置，scoreboard.py，代碼：

            
import pygame.font
from pygame.sprite import Group

from ship import Ship

class Scoreboard():
  """顯示得分信息的類"""
  
  def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, stats):
    """初始化顯示得分涉及的屬性"""
    self.screen =screen
    self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()
    self.ai_settings = ai_settings
    self.stats = stats
    
    #顯示得分信息時(shí)使用的字體設(shè)置
    self.text_color = (30, 30, 30)
    self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 48)
    
    #準(zhǔn)備初始化得分圖像和當(dāng)前最高分?jǐn)?shù)
    self.prep_score()
    self.prep_high_score()
    self.prep_level()
    self.prep_ships()
    
  def prep_score(self):
    """將得分轉(zhuǎn)換為一幅渲染的圖像"""
    rounded_score = int(round(self.stats.score, -1))
    score_str = "{:,}".format(rounded_score)
    self.score_image = self.font.render(score_str, True, self.text_color, self.ai_settings.bg_color)
    
    #將得分放在右上角
    self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()
    self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - 20
    self.score_rect.top = 5
  
  def prep_high_score(self):
    """將最高得分轉(zhuǎn)換為渲染圖像"""
    high_score = int(round(self.stats.high_score, -1))
    high_score_str = "{:,}".format(high_score)
    self.high_score_image = self.font.render(high_score_str, True, self.text_color, self.ai_settings.bg_color)
    
    #將最高分放在屏幕最中央
    self.high_score_rect = self.high_score_image.get_rect()
    self.high_score_rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
    self.high_score_rect.top = 5
    
  def prep_level(self):
    """將等級(jí)轉(zhuǎn)換為渲染圖像"""
    self.level_image = self.font.render(str(self.stats.level), True, self.text_color, self.ai_settings.bg_color)
    
    #將得分放在右上角
    self.level_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()
    self.level_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right
    self.level_rect.top = self.score_rect.bottom 
    
  def prep_ships(self):
    """顯示還剩下多少艘飛船"""
    self.ships = Group()
    for ship_number in range(self.stats.ships_left):
      ship = Ship(self.ai_settings, self.screen)
      ship.rect.x = 10 + ship_number * ship.rect.width
      ship.rect.y = 10
      self.ships.add(ship)
    
  def show_score(self):
    """在屏幕上顯示得分和等級(jí)"""
    self.screen.blit(self.score_image, self.score_rect)
    self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image, self.high_score_rect)
    self.screen.blit(self.level_image, self.level_rect)
    #繪制飛船
    self.ships.draw(self.screen)

8.設(shè)置，settings.py，代碼：

            
class Settings():
  '''存儲(chǔ)外星人入侵中所有的設(shè)置'''

  def __init__(self):
    '''初始化設(shè)置'''
    #屏幕設(shè)置
    self.screen_width = 1200
    self.screen_height = 600
    self.bg_color = (230,230,230)  # 設(shè)置背景色 灰色
    
    #飛船設(shè)置
    self.ship_limit = 3
    self.ship_image_path = 'images/ship.bmp'  # 飛船圖片路徑
    
    #子彈設(shè)置
    self.bullet_width = 3
    self.bullet_height = 15
    self.bullet_color = 60,60,60
    self.bullets_allowed = 3     # 允許屏幕中出現(xiàn)子彈的數(shù)量
    
    #外星人設(shè)置
    self.fleet_drop_speed = 10
    
    
    #以什么樣的速度加快游戲節(jié)奏
    self.speedup_scale = 1.1
    #外星人點(diǎn)數(shù)提高速度
    self.score_scale = 1.5
    
    self.initialize_dynamic_settings()
  
  def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):
    """初始化隨游戲進(jìn)行而變化的設(shè)置"""
    self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5
    self.bullet_speed_factor = 3
    self.alien_speed_factor = 1
    
    #fleet_direction為1表示向右移，為-1表示向左移
    self.fleet_direction = 1
    
    #計(jì)分
    self.alien_points = 50
    
  def increase_speed(self):
    """提高速度設(shè)置,外星人點(diǎn)數(shù)"""
    self.ship_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
    self.bullet_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
    self.alien_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scale
    
    self.alien_points = int(self.alien_points * self.score_scale)
    print(self.alien_points)

9.飛船設(shè)置，ship.py，代碼：

            
import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Sprite

class Ship(Sprite):
  '''飛船所有信息'''

  def __init__(self,ai_settings,screen):
    """初始化飛船，并設(shè)置其起始位置"""
    super(Ship,self).__init__()
    self.screen=screen
    self.ai_settings = ai_settings

    # 加載飛船圖片、獲取外接矩形
    self.image = pygame.image.load(self.ai_settings.ship_image_path)  # 加載圖片
    self.image = pygame.transform.smoothscale(self.image,(40,60))
    self.rect = self.image.get_rect()  # 獲取圖片外接矩形
    self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()    #獲取屏幕外接矩形

    # 將每搜新飛船放到并木底部中心
    self.rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerx
    self.rect.bottom = self.screen_rect.bottom
    # 設(shè)置成浮點(diǎn)類型
    self.center = float(self.rect.centerx)   # self.rect.centerx設(shè)置不了浮點(diǎn)數(shù) 只能另設(shè)置一個(gè)變量進(jìn)行運(yùn)算

    # 移動(dòng)標(biāo)志
    self.moving_right = False
    self.moving_left = False

  def blitme(self):
    '''在指定位置繪制飛船'''
    self.screen.blit(self.image,self.rect)

  def update(self):
    # 向右移動(dòng)飛船
    if self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:
      self.center +=self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor
    # 向左移動(dòng)飛船
    if self.moving_left and self.rect.left > self.screen_rect.left:
      self.center -= self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor

    self.rect.centerx = self.center

  def center_ship(self):
    """讓飛船在屏幕上居中"""
    self.center = self.screen_rect.centerx

效果展示：

游戲資源：圖片資源

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