在javaEE項目中，需要將工程部署到遠程服務器上，如果部署的頻率比較高，手動部署的方式就比較麻煩，可以利用Ant工具實現快捷的部署。這篇博文詳細介紹了ant配置的步驟（ http://www.cnblogs.com/GloriousOnion/archive/2012/12/18/2822817.html ），但是在tomcat7以上不適用，需要修改配置，具體如下：

1.配置tomcat的用戶角色

tomcat7中的用戶角色有：

manager-gui — Access to the HTML interface.
manager-status — Access to the "Server Status" page only.
manager-script — Access to the tools-friendly plain text interface that is described in this document, and to the "Server Status" page.
manager-jmx — Access to JMX proxy interface and to the "Server Status" page.

我們要用到的是manager-script，在tomcat-users.xml?中進行配置。加入以下代碼：

<role rolename="manager-script" />

<user username="用戶名" password="密碼" ?roles="manager-script">

2.配置Ant環境

3.編寫build.xml文件

<project name="工程名" default="redeploy" basedir=".">

? <!-- Configure the directory into which the web application is built -->

? <property name="build" value="${basedir}/build"/>

?

? <!-- Configure the context path for this application -->

? <property name="path" value="/應用的名稱"/>

?

? <!-- Configure properties to access the Manager application -->

? <property name="url"????? value="http://你的域名/manager/text"/>

? <property name="username" value="步驟1中配置的用戶名"/>

? <property name="password" value="步驟1中配置的密碼"/>

?

? <!-- Configure the custom Ant tasks for the Manager application -->

? <taskdef name="deploy"??? classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.DeployTask"/>

? <taskdef name="list"????? classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.ListTask"/>

? <taskdef name="reload"??? classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.ReloadTask"/>

? <taskdef name="findleaks" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.FindLeaksTask"/>

? <taskdef name="resources" classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.ResourcesTask"/>

? <taskdef name="start"???? classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.StartTask"/>

? <taskdef name="stop"???? ?classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.StopTask"/>

? <taskdef name="undeploy"? classname="org.apache.catalina.ant.UndeployTask"/>

?

? <!-- Executable Targets -->

? <target name="compile" description="Compile web application">

??? <!-- ... construct web application in ${build} subdirectory, and

??????????? generated a ${path}.war ... -->

? ?????????? <delete dir="${build}"/>

? ??? ????? <mkdir dir="${build}"/>

? ?????????? <war destfile="${build}/school.war" webxml="WebRoot/WEB-INF/web.xml">

? ??? ????????<classes dir="WebRoot/WEB-INF/classes">

??????????? ?????? <exclude name="**/*.xml"/>?

? ??? ????????</classes>

? ??? ????????<lib dir="WebRoot/WEB-INF/lib" />

??????????? <fileset dir="WebRoot">?

??????????????? <include name="**/**.*" />?

???????????? ???<exclude name="**/*.jar"/>?

??????????????? <exclude name="**/*.class"/>

??????????? </fileset>

? ??? ????</war>

? </target>

?

? <target name="deploy" description="Install web application" depends="compile">

??? <deploy url="${url}" username="${username}" password="${password}" path="${path}" war="${build}/school.war"/>

? </target>

?

? <target name="reload" description="Reload web application" depends="compile">

??? <reload? url="${url}" username="${username}" password="${password}" path="${path}"/>

? </target>

?

? <target name="undeploy" description="Remove web application">

??? <undeploy url="${url}" username="${username}" password="${password}" path="${path}"/>

? </target>

??????

?????? <target name="redeploy" description="Remove and Install web application">???

?????? ??? <antcall target="undeploy"/>

????????????? <antcall target="deploy"/>

?????? </target>

</project>

最后運行該文件，你的工程就可以部署到遠程tomcat上了。

具體的說明可參考官方的文檔：

http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/manager-howto.html#Executing_Manager_Commands_With_Ant ?

利用ant進行遠程tomcat部署