1 準備工作
1.1 環(huán)境搭建
1.1.1 安裝python3.6
python安裝官網(wǎng)
1.1.2 安裝django2.2
pip install django(==2.2.0) //不加版本默認安裝最新版
1.1.3 安裝pycharm（社區(qū)版，官網(wǎng)下載安裝即可）
在安裝完成后要配置好需要的第三方庫：（pip下載，推薦在pycharm下也配置虛擬環(huán)境）
Django2.2
連接mysql需要的庫：PyMySQL, mysql, mysqlclinet
驗證碼用到的庫：
django-simple-captcha
（只需在虛擬環(huán)境下配置）
（由于下載庫較多，忘記用到的庫，下附截圖）
1.1.4 安裝數(shù)據(jù)庫，
我使用的是MySQL,推薦安裝界面管理文件（我使用的是MySQLWorkbench）數(shù)據(jù)庫配置，settings.py文件
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
'NAME':'cet', #數(shù)據(jù)庫名字
'USER':'root', #登陸數(shù)據(jù)庫的用戶名
'PASSWORD':'123', #登陸數(shù)據(jù)庫的密碼
'HOST':'localhost', #數(shù)據(jù)庫的ip地址
'PORT':'3306', #ip地址的端口號，默認（3306）
}
}
__init__.py里面導入pymysql
import pymysql pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
1.2 創(chuàng)建django項目及app
1.2.1 創(chuàng)建指令
django-admin startproject project_name #創(chuàng)建項目
python manage.py startapp app_name #創(chuàng)建app(可能會報錯)
#上面創(chuàng)建app失敗用下面這個指令
django-admin startapp app_name
1.2.2 注冊app
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'login', #登錄注冊
'captcha', #驗證碼
'home', #報名主頁
]
1.4 更改時區(qū)和語言
settings.py文件中，將默認改為亞洲/上海和中文
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'
USE_I18N = True
USE_L10N = True
USE_TZ = False
1.5 數(shù)據(jù)庫遷移
更改models.py后，要將更改同步到數(shù)據(jù)庫之中，這時就要用到數(shù)據(jù)庫遷移指令（若遷移失敗：no changes問題）。
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
1.6 創(chuàng)建超級管理員
命令行沖使用指令創(chuàng)建管理員賬號用于使用django自帶的框架。
python manage.py createsuperuser
1.7 運行準備
添加端口號：
2 注冊登錄模塊
(我將其放在了app名為login里面)
2.1 數(shù)據(jù)庫模型設計
特殊參數(shù)說明：verbose_name――用于修改django框架各表成員的名字（相當于副名，只用于顯示），其他可以從文章
開頭推薦的博客了解。
#login/models.py
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class User(models.Model):
'''用戶表'''
gender = (
('male', '男'),
('female', '女'),
)
name = models.CharField(verbose_name="用戶名", max_length=128, unique=True) # unique表示唯一
password = models.CharField(verbose_name="密碼", max_length=256)
email = models.EmailField(verbose_name="郵箱", unique=True)
sex = models.CharField(verbose_name="性別", max_length=32, choices=gender, default='男')
c_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
def __str__(self):
return self.name
#用于將django自帶管理員端漢化
class Meta:
ordering = ['c_time']
verbose_name = '用戶'
verbose_name_plural = '用戶'
2.2 在admin中注冊模型
#login/admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
# Register your models here.
from . import models
admin.site.register(models.User)
2.3 創(chuàng)建表單
在我們創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫用戶表后,采用表單驗證前端的數(shù)據(jù)并進行存儲到數(shù)據(jù)庫中。
#login/forms.py
from django import forms
from captcha.fields import CaptchaField
class user_entry(forms.Form):
user_name = forms.CharField(label="用戶名", max_length=128, widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
user_true_name = forms.CharField(label="真實姓名", max_length=128,widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
user_id = forms.CharField(label="身份證號", max_length=18, widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
email = forms.EmailField(label="郵箱地址", widget=forms.EmailInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
exam_point = forms.CharField(label="考點", max_length=128, widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
class user_datas(forms.Form):
email = forms.EmailField(label="郵箱地址", widget=forms.EmailInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
user_name = forms.CharField(label="用戶名", max_length=128, widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
user_true_name = forms.CharField(label="真實姓名", max_length=128, widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
user_id = forms.CharField(label="身份證號", max_length=18, widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
# user_img =
user_school = forms.CharField(label="所在學校", max_length=128, widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
# user_f_score = forms.CharField(label="四級成績", max_length=10, widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
# user_s_score = forms.CharField(label="六級成績", max_length=10, widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
2.4 路由及視圖設計
2.4.1 路由設計
由于登陸注冊使用的路徑不多，就將其全放在項目目錄下的urls.py文件，當然也可以采用項目和app相結合。
#項目名/urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include
from login import views
urlpatterns = [
path('', views.index), #修改端口默認主頁
path('admin/', admin.site.urls), #管理員端
#登錄注冊
path('index/', views.index),
path('check/', views.check),
path('login/', views.login),
path('register/', views.register),
path('logout/', views.logout),
#使用驗證碼
path('captcha', include('captcha.urls')),
#報名app路由
path('homepage/',include('home.urls')),
]
2.4.2 試圖設計
#login/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from . import models
from .forms import UserForm,RegisterForm
from home.models import user_data
# Create your views here.
def check(request):
pass
return render(request, 'login/hello.html')
def index(request):
pass
return render(request, 'login/index.html')
#加入sesson
def login(request):
#不允許重復登錄
if request.session.get('is_login', None):
return redirect('/index')
if request.method == "POST":
login_form = UserForm(request.POST)
message = "請檢查填寫的內容！"
if login_form.is_valid():
username = login_form.cleaned_data['username']
password = login_form.cleaned_data['password']
try:
user = models.User.objects.get(name=username)
if user.password == password:
#往session字典內寫入用戶狀態(tài)和數(shù)據(jù)
request.session['is_login'] = True
request.session['user_id'] = user.id
request.session['user_name'] = user.name
return redirect('/index/')
else:
message = "密碼不正確！"
except:
message = "用戶不存在！"
return render(request, 'login/login.html', locals())
login_form = UserForm()
return render(request, 'login/login.html', locals())
def logout(request):
if not request.session.get('is_login', None):
# 如果本來就未登錄，也就沒有登出一說
return redirect("/index/")
request.session.flush()
# 或者使用下面的方法
# del request.session['is_login']
# del request.session['user_id']
# del request.session['user_name']
return redirect("/index/")
def register(request):
if request.session.get('is_login', None):
# 登錄狀態(tài)不允許注冊。
return redirect("/index/")
if request.method == "POST":
register_form = RegisterForm(request.POST)
message = "請檢查填寫的內容！"
if register_form.is_valid(): # 獲取數(shù)據(jù)
username = register_form.cleaned_data['username']
password1 = register_form.cleaned_data['password1']
password2 = register_form.cleaned_data['password2']
email = register_form.cleaned_data['email']
sex = register_form.cleaned_data['sex']
if password1 != password2: # 判斷兩次密碼是否相同
message = "兩次輸入的密碼不同！"
return render(request, 'login/register.html', locals())
else:
same_name_user = models.User.objects.filter(name=username)
if same_name_user: # 用戶名唯一
message = '用戶已經(jīng)存在，請重新選擇用戶名！'
return render(request, 'login/register.html', locals())
same_email_user = models.User.objects.filter(email=email)
if same_email_user: # 郵箱地址唯一
message = '該郵箱地址已被注冊，請使用別的郵箱！'
return render(request, 'login/register.html', locals())
message = "注冊成功！"
# 當一切都OK的情況下，創(chuàng)建新用戶
# 創(chuàng)建用戶信息//有問題：放在創(chuàng)建用戶表后面會出現(xiàn)DJANGO pymysql.err.IntegrityError:
# (1062, "Duplicate entry '' for key 'user_name'")
new_user_data = user_data.objects.create()
new_user_data.user_name = username
new_user_data.user_true_name = '無'
new_user_data.user_id = '無'
new_user_data.user_school = '無'
# new_user_data.user_f_score = 425
# new_user_data.user_s_score = 0
new_user_data.save()
#創(chuàng)建用戶表
new_user = models.User.objects.create()
new_user.name = username
new_user.password = password1
new_user.email = email
new_user.sex = sex
new_user.save()
return redirect('/login/') # 自動跳轉到登錄頁面
register_form = RegisterForm()
return render(request, 'login/register.html', locals())
3 個人信息及報名管理
(我將其放在了app名為home里面)
3.1 數(shù)據(jù)庫模型設計
#home/models.py
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class exam_entry_table(models.Model):
#考點信息表
exam_id = models.CharField(verbose_name="考試編號",max_length=10)
exam_type = models.CharField(verbose_name="考試類別",max_length=128)
exam_point = models.CharField(verbose_name="考點",max_length=128)
exam_time = models.CharField(verbose_name="考試時間",max_length=128)
number = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="容量")
entry_number = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="已報名數(shù)量",default=0)
def __str__(self):
return self.exam_point
class Meta:
# ordering = ['c_time']
verbose_name = '考點'
verbose_name_plural = '考點信息表'
class user_entry_table(models.Model):
#用戶考試信息表
email = models.EmailField(verbose_name="郵箱")
exam_id = models.CharField(verbose_name="考試編號",max_length=10)
exam_point = models.CharField(verbose_name="考點",max_length=128)
def __str__(self):
return self.email
class Meta:
# ordering = ['c_time']
verbose_name = '用戶考試信息'
verbose_name_plural = '用戶考試信息表'
class user_data(models.Model):
#用戶信息表
user_name = models.CharField(verbose_name="用戶名",max_length=128, unique=True)
user_true_name = models.CharField(verbose_name="真實姓名",max_length=128, null=True)
user_id = models.CharField(verbose_name="身份證號",max_length=18, null=True)
# user_img =
user_school = models.CharField(verbose_name="在讀學校",max_length=128)
user_f_score = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="四級成績", default=0)
user_s_score = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="六級成績", default=0)
def __str__(self):
return self.user_name
class Meta:
# ordering = ['c_time']
verbose_name = '用戶名'
verbose_name_plural = '用戶信息表'
3.2 注冊模型
#home/admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
# Register your models here.
from . import models
admin.site.register(models.exam_entry_table) #考點信息表
admin.site.register(models.user_entry_table) #用戶考試信息表
admin.site.register(models.user_data) #用戶信息表
3.3 創(chuàng)建表單
#home/forms.py
from django import forms
from captcha.fields import CaptchaField
class UserForm(forms.Form):
username = forms.CharField(label="用戶名", max_length=128, widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
password = forms.CharField(label="密碼", max_length=256, widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
captcha = CaptchaField(label='驗證碼')
class RegisterForm(forms.Form):
gender = (
('male', "男"),
('female', "女"),
)
username = forms.CharField(label="用戶名", max_length=128, widget=forms.TextInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
password1 = forms.CharField(label="密碼", max_length=256, widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
password2 = forms.CharField(label="確認密碼", max_length=256, widget=forms.PasswordInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
email = forms.EmailField(label="郵箱地址", widget=forms.EmailInput(attrs={'class': 'form-control'}))
sex = forms.ChoiceField(label='性別', choices=gender)
captcha = CaptchaField(label='驗證碼')
3.4 路由及視圖設計
3.4.1 路由設計
這里用到的路勁較為復雜，采用項目urls和app的urls結合起來避免項目的urls過于擁擠。
先修改項目的urls.py文件：
#項目名/urls.py
path('homepage/',include('home.urls')), #前面已經(jīng)添加了，這里只做說明
再修改app中的urls.py文件：
#home/urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path,include
from home import views
urlpatterns = [
path('test/', views.test),
path('my_data/',views.mydate), #我的信息
path('query_results/',views.query), #查詢報告信息
path('cet_4/',views.cet_4), #四級報名
path('cet_6/',views.cet_6), #六級報名
path('change_my_data/',views.updata),
]
3.4.2 試圖設計
#home/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render, redirect
from . import models
from .forms import user_entry, user_datas
from django.http import HttpResponse,HttpResponseRedirect
# from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from login.models import User
# Create your views here.
def test(request):
pass
return render(request, 'home/test.html')
#我的信息
def mydate(request):
username = request.session.get('user_name', None)
account = User.objects.get(name=username)#用戶登錄注冊表
user = models.user_data.objects.get(user_name= username)
return render(request,"home/myself.html",{"user":user, "account":account})
#修改我的信息
def updata(request):
username = request.session.get('user_name', None)
# print("-----------------------")
# print(username)
# print("-----------------------")
user_da = models.user_data.objects.get(user_name=username)
user = User.objects.get(name=username)#login_user表
if request.method == "POST":
userdata = user_datas(request.POST)
# print(userdata)
if userdata.is_valid():
user_das = userdata.cleaned_data
# user.user_name = user_da['user_name'] #用戶無法修改用戶名
user.email = user_das['email']
user_da.user_true_name = user_das['user_true_name']
user_da.user_id = user_das['user_id']
user_da.user_school = user_das['user_school']
user_da.save()
user.save()
# 四六級成績無法修改
# user_datas.user_f_score = user_da['user_f_score']
# user_datas.user_s_score = user_da['user_s_score']
return redirect('/homepage/my_data/')
else:
userdata = user_datas(initial={"email":user.email,"user_name":user_da.user_name,"user_true_name":user_da.user_true_name,"user_id":user_da.user_id,"user_school":user_da.user_school})
return render(request, 'home/change_mydata.html', {"userdata":userdata})
#查詢考試信息 還沒完成，優(yōu)化，條件判斷
def query(request):
username = request.session.get('user_name',None)
user = User.objects.get(name=username)
#用于判斷用戶是否報名
user_en = models.user_entry_table.objects.filter(email=user.email)
# print("********************")
# print(user_en)
# print(user_en[0])
if user_en:
# print(len(user_en))
if len(user_en)==1:
user_entry = models.user_entry_table.objects.get(email=user.email)
user_point = user_entry.exam_point
user_eid = user_entry.exam_id
exam_entry = models.exam_entry_table.objects.get(exam_point=user_point, exam_id=user_eid)
return render(request, 'home/query1.html', {"exam_entry": exam_entry})
else:
user_entry4 = models.user_entry_table.objects.get(email=user.email, exam_id=0)
user_entry6 = models.user_entry_table.objects.get(email=user.email, exam_id=1)
user_point4 = user_entry4.exam_point
user_point6 = user_entry6.exam_point
exam_entry4 = models.exam_entry_table.objects.get(exam_point=user_point4, exam_id=0)
exam_entry6 = models.exam_entry_table.objects.get(exam_point=user_point6, exam_id=1)
return render(request, 'home/query2.html', {"exam_entry4": exam_entry4, "exam_entry6":exam_entry6})
else:
# message = "你還未報名！請先報名之后再來查看！"
# return render(request, 'login/index.html', locals())
user_da = models.user_data.objects.get(user_name=user.name)
school = user_da.user_school
if school=='無':
message = "請先更新你的學校信息！"
return render(request, 'login/index.html', locals())
else:
point = models.exam_entry_table.objects.filter(exam_point=school)
if point:
if len(point)==1:
exam = models.exam_entry_table.objects.get(exam_point=school)
return render(request, 'home/exam1.html', {"exam": exam})
else:
exam4 = models.exam_entry_table.objects.get(exam_point=school, exam_id=0)
exam6 = models.exam_entry_table.objects.get(exam_point=school, exam_id=1)
return render(request, 'home/exam2.html', {"exam4": exam4, "exam6": exam6})
else:
message="你的學校還未開放報名！詳情請咨詢學校相關部門！"
return render(request, 'login/index.html', locals())
#四級報名
def cet_4(request):
username = request.session.get('user_name', None)
# 用戶信息表,用戶表，獲取信息判斷資格
user_da = models.user_data.objects.get(user_name=username)
user = User.objects.get(name=username)
if request.method == "POST":
cet4_form = user_entry(request.POST)
if cet4_form.is_valid():
# 四級考試對分數(shù)無要求
# 只需要獲取報考考點信息即可
# email = cet4_form.cleaned_data['email']
exam_id = '0'
exam_point = cet4_form.cleaned_data['exam_point']
#用與下面的考點判斷
point = models.exam_entry_table.objects.filter(exam_point=exam_point, exam_id='0')
# 用與下面的是否重復報名判斷
entryer = models.user_entry_table.objects.filter(email=user.email, exam_id=exam_id)
#判斷個人信息是否完善
if user_da.user_true_name=='無'or user_da.user_id=='無':
message="請先完善個人真實信息之后再來報名！"
return render(request, 'home/cet_4.html', locals())
# 判斷是否重復報名
# print("判斷是否重復報名")
elif entryer:
message = "請勿重復報名！"
return render(request, 'home/cet_4.html', locals())
elif point:
# 考點存在
# print("沒有重復報名")
message = "報名成功！請按時參加考試！"
# 創(chuàng)建一條數(shù)據(jù)
new_user = models.user_entry_table.objects.create()
new_user.email = user.email
new_user.exam_id = exam_id
new_user.exam_point = exam_point
new_user.save()
# 考點容量減1,報考人數(shù)加1
exam_entry = models.exam_entry_table.objects.get(exam_point=exam_point, exam_id=exam_id)
exam_entry.number -= 1
exam_entry.entry_number += 1
exam_entry.save()
return render(request, 'home/cet_4.html', locals())
else:
message = "該學校還未開放報名！詳情請咨詢學校相關部門！"
return render(request, 'home/cet_4.html', locals())
cet4_form = user_entry(initial={"email": user.email, "user_name": user_da.user_name, "user_true_name": user_da.user_true_name,
"user_id": user_da.user_id})
return render(request, 'home/cet_4.html', locals())
#六級報名：
def cet_6(request):
username = request.session.get('user_name', None)
# 用戶信息表,用戶表，獲取信息判斷資格
user_da = models.user_data.objects.get(user_name=username)
user = User.objects.get(name=username)
if request.method == "POST":
cet6_form = user_entry(request.POST)
if cet6_form.is_valid():
# 只需要獲取報考考點信息即可
# email = cet4_form.cleaned_data['email']
exam_id = '1'
exam_point = cet6_form.cleaned_data['exam_point']
f_score = user_da.user_f_score
# 用與下面的考點判斷
point = models.exam_entry_table.objects.filter(exam_point=exam_point, exam_id=exam_id)
# 用與下面的是否重復報名判斷
entryer = models.user_entry_table.objects.filter(email=user.email, exam_id=exam_id)
# 判斷個人信息是否完善
if user_da.user_true_name=='無'or user_da.user_id=='無':
message="請先完善個人真實信息之后再來報名！"
return render(request, 'home/cet_6.html', locals())
# 判斷是否重復報名
elif entryer:
# print("判斷是否重復報名")
message = "請勿重復報名！"
return render(request, 'home/cet_6.html', locals())
# 判斷考點是否存在
elif point:
# 考點存在
#判斷四級成績是否合格
if f_score >= 425:
# print("報名成功！請按時參加考試！")
# 創(chuàng)建一條數(shù)據(jù)
message = "報名成功！請按時參加考試！"
new_user = models.user_entry_table.objects.create()
new_user.email = user.email
new_user.exam_id = exam_id
new_user.exam_point = exam_point
new_user.save()
# 考點容量減1,報考人數(shù)加1
exam_entry = models.exam_entry_table.objects.get(exam_point=exam_point, exam_id=exam_id)
exam_entry.number -= 1
exam_entry.entry_number += 1
exam_entry.save()
return render(request, 'home/cet_6.html', locals())
else:
message = "四級成績大于425才能報名六級考試！"
return render(request, 'home/cet_6.html', locals())
else:
message = "該學校還未開放報名！詳情請咨詢學校相關部門！"
return render(request, 'home/cet_6.html', locals())
cet6_form = user_entry(
initial={"email": user.email, "user_name": user_da.user_name, "user_true_name": user_da.user_true_name,
"user_id": user_da.user_id})
return render(request, 'home/cet_6.html', locals())
到這里基本的后端都實現(xiàn)了。
4 項目最終框架展示
5 總結
成果展示：
注冊：
登錄：
主頁：
管理端：
數(shù)據(jù)庫設計問題:
由于此次設計在開始之時沒有設計完善，數(shù)據(jù)庫各表之間的關聯(lián)存在問題，例如本次報名系統(tǒng)而言，用戶信息最好添加手機號碼，我本打算使用郵箱即可，但是推薦使用聯(lián)系更快的電話號碼等等問題。
附錄
整體項目包地址鏈接: https://pan.baidu.com/s/130AP7coMP_U2q_dzaazUWA 提取碼: nywa
總結
以上所述是小編給大家介紹的Pycharm+django2.2+python3.6+MySQL實現(xiàn)簡單的考試報名系統(tǒng),希望對大家有所幫助，如果大家有任何疑問請給我留言，小編會及時回復大家的。在此也非常感謝大家對腳本之家網(wǎng)站的支持！
如果你覺得本文對你有幫助，歡迎轉載，煩請注明出處，謝謝！
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