最近在研究Spring中的定時任務功能,最好的辦法當然是使用Quartz來實現。對于一個新手來說,花了我不少時間,這里我寫個筆記,給大家參考。?
我使用的是Maven來管理項目,需要的Jar包我給大家貼出來。
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quartz-1.8.5.jar?
commons-logging.jar?
spring-core-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar?
spring-beans-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar?
spring-context-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar?
spring-context-support-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar?
spring-asm-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar?
spring-expression-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar?
spring.transaction-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar?
spring-web-3.0.5.RELEASE.jar
?
Maven的pom.xml的配置:?
- <? xml ? version = "1.0" ? encoding = "UTF-8" ?> ??
- < project ? xmlns = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" ??
- ????????? xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" ??
- ????????? xsi:schemaLocation = "http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0?http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" > ??
- ???? < modelVersion > 4.0.0 </ modelVersion > ??
- ??
- ???? < groupId > QtzTest </ groupId > ??
- ???? < artifactId > QtzTest </ artifactId > ??
- ???? < version > 1.0 </ version > ??
- ??
- ???? < properties > ??
- ???????? < springframework.version > 3.0.5.RELEASE </ springframework.version > ??
- ???? </ properties > ??
- ??
- ???? < dependencies > ??
- ???????? < dependency > ??
- ???????????? < groupId > org.springframework </ groupId > ??
- ???????????? < artifactId > spring-context </ artifactId > ??
- ???????????? < version > ${springframework.version} </ version > ??
- ???????? </ dependency > ??
- ??
- ???????? < dependency > ??
- ???????????? < groupId > org.springframework </ groupId > ??
- ???????????? < artifactId > spring-context-support </ artifactId > ??
- ???????????? < version > ${springframework.version} </ version > ??
- ???????? </ dependency > ??
- ??
- ???????? < dependency > ??
- ???????????? < groupId > org.springframework </ groupId > ??
- ???????????? < artifactId > spring-tx </ artifactId > ??
- ???????????? < version > ${springframework.version} </ version > ??
- ???????? </ dependency > ??
- ??
- ???????? < dependency > ??
- ???????????? < groupId > org.springframework </ groupId > ??
- ???????????? < artifactId > spring-web </ artifactId > ??
- ???????????? < version > ${springframework.version} </ version > ??
- ???????? </ dependency > ??
- ??
- ???????? < dependency > ??
- ???????????? < groupId > org.quartz-scheduler </ groupId > ??
- ???????????? < artifactId > quartz </ artifactId > ??
- ???????????? < version > 1.8.5 </ version > ??
- ???????? </ dependency > ??
- ???? </ dependencies > ??
- ??
- ???? < build > ??
- ???????? < finalName > ${project.artifactId} </ finalName > ??
- ???????? < plugins > ??
- ???????????? < plugin > ??
- ???????????????? < groupId > org.mortbay.jetty </ groupId > ??
- ???????????????? < artifactId > jetty-maven-plugin </ artifactId > ??
- ???????????????? < version > 7.5.4.v20111024 </ version > ??
- ???????????????? < configuration > ??
- ???????????????????? < scanIntervalSeconds > 10 </ scanIntervalSeconds > ??
- ???????????????????? < webApp > ??
- ???????????????????????? < contextPath > /${project.artifactId} </ contextPath > ??
- ???????????????????? </ webApp > ??
- ???????????????? </ configuration > ??
- ???????????? </ plugin > ??
- ???????? </ plugins > ??
- ???? </ build > ??
- </ project > ??
特別注意一點,與Spring3.1以下版本整合必須使用Quartz1,最初我拿2.1.3的,怎么搞都報錯:
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Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.CannotLoadBeanClassException: Error loading class [org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean] for bean with name 'mytrigger' defined in class path resource [applicationContext.xml]: problem with class file or dependent class; nested exception is java.lang.IncompatibleClassChangeError: class org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean has interface org.quartz.CronTrigger as super class?
查看發現spring3.0.5中org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean繼承了org.quartz.CronTrigger(public class CronTriggerBeanextends CronTrigger),而在quartz2.1.3中org.quartz.CronTrigger是個接口(publicabstract interface CronTrigger extends Trigger),而在quartz1.8.5及1.8.4中org.quartz.CronTrigger是個類(publicclass CronTrigger extends Trigger),從而造成無法在applicationContext中配置觸發器。這是spring3.1以下版本和quartz2版本不兼容的一個bug。(感謝tiren的回復,spring3.1以及以后版本支持quartz2)
?
在Spring中使用Quartz有兩種方式實現:第一種是任務類繼承QuartzJobBean,
<bean name=" SpringQtzJob " class="org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailFactoryBean">
? ?<!-- 表示任務完成之后是否依然保留到數據庫,默認false -->
? ?<property name="durability" value="true" />
? ?<property name="jobClass" value=" com.ncs.hj.SpringQtz " />
?
</bean>
?
第二種則是在配置文件里定義任務類和要執行的方法,類和方法仍然是普通類,方法必須無參數和返回值。很顯然,第二種方式遠比第一種方式來的靈活。
?
第一種方式的JAVA代碼:?
- package ?com.ncs.hj;??
- ??
- import ?org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;??
- import ?org.quartz.JobExecutionException;??
- import ?org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean;??
- ??
- public ? class ?SpringQtz? extends ?QuartzJobBean{??
- ???? private ? static ? int ?counter?=? 0 ;??
- ???? protected ? void ?executeInternal(JobExecutionContext?context)? throws ?JobExecutionException?{??
- ????????System.out.println();??
- ???????? long ?ms?=?System.currentTimeMillis();??
- ????????System.out.println( "\t\t" ?+? new ?Date(ms));??
- ????????System.out.println(ms);??
- ????????System.out.println( "(" ?+?counter++?+? ")" );??
- ????????String?s?=?(String)?context.getMergedJobDataMap().get( "service" );??
- ????????System.out.println(s);??
- ????????System.out.println();??
- ????}??
- }??
第二種方式的JAVA代碼:?
- package ?com.ncs.hj;??
- ??
- import ?org.quartz.JobExecutionContext;??
- import ?org.quartz.JobExecutionException;??
- import ?org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.QuartzJobBean;??
- ??
- import ?java.util.Date;??
- ??
- public ? class ?SpringQtz?{??
- ???? private ? static ? int ?counter?=? 0 ;??
- ???? protected ? void ?execute()??{??
- ???????? long ?ms?=?System.currentTimeMillis();??
- ????????System.out.println( "\t\t" ?+? new ?Date(ms));??
- ????????System.out.println( "(" ?+?counter++?+? ")" );??
- ????}??
- }??
Spring的配置文件:?
- <!------------?配置調度程序quartz?,其中配置JobDetail有兩種方式--------------> ????
- ???? <!--方式一:使用JobDetailBean,任務類必須實現Job接口?--> ?????
- ???? < bean ? id = "myjob" ? class = "org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.JobDetailBean" > ????
- ????? < property ? name = "name" ? value = "exampleJob" > </ property > ????
- ????? < property ? name = "jobClass" ? value = "com.ncs.hj.SpringQtz" > </ property > ???
- ????? < property ? name = "jobDataAsMap" > ??
- < map > ??
- ???? < entry ? key = "service" > < value > simple?is?the?beat </ value > </ entry > ??
- </ map > ??
- ? ?</property>
- ???? </ bean > ???
- ???? <!--運行時請將方式一注釋掉!?--> ????
- ???? <!--?方式二:使用MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean,任務類可以不實現Job接口,通過targetMethod指定調用方法--> ????
- ???? <!--?定義目標bean和bean中的方法?--> ??
- ???? < bean ? id = "SpringQtzJob" ? class = "com.ncs.hj.SpringQtz" /> ??
- ???? < bean ? id = "SpringQtzJobMethod" ? class = "org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.MethodInvokingJobDetailFactoryBean" > ??
- ???? < property ? name = "targetObject" > ??
- ???????? < ref ? bean = "SpringQtzJob" /> ??
- ???? </ property > ??
- ???? < property ? name = "targetMethod" > ?? <!--?要執行的方法名稱?--> ??
- ???????? < value > execute </ value > ??
- ???? </ property > ??
- </ bean > ??
- ??
- <!--?========================?調度觸發器?========================?--> ??
- < bean ? id = "CronTriggerBean" ? class = "org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.CronTriggerBean" > ??
- ???? < property ? name = "jobDetail" ? ref = "SpringQtzJobMethod" > </ property > ??
- ???? < property ? name = "cronExpression" ? value = "0/5?*?*?*?*??" > </ property > ??
- </ bean > ??
- ??
- <!--?========================?調度工廠?========================?--> ??
- < bean ? id = "SpringJobSchedulerFactoryBean" ? class = "org.springframework.scheduling.quartz.SchedulerFactoryBean" > ??
- ???? < property ? name = "triggers" > ??
- ???????? < list > ??
- ???????????? < ref ? bean = "CronTriggerBean" /> ??
- ???????? </ list > ??
- ???? </ property > ??
- </ bean > ????
關于cronExpression表達式,這里講解一下:?
字段 允許值 允許的特殊字符?
秒 0-59 , - * /?
分 0-59 , - * /?
小時 0-23 , - * /?
日期 1-31 , - * ? / L W C?
月份 1-12 或者 JAN-DEC , - * /?
星期 1-7 或者 SUN-SAT , - * ? / L C #?
年(可選) 留空, 1970-2099 , - * /?
表達式意義?
"0 0 12 * * ?" 每天中午12點觸發?
"0 15 10 ? * *" 每天上午10:15觸發?
"0 15 10 * * ?" 每天上午10:15觸發?
"0 15 10 * * ? *" 每天上午10:15觸發?
"0 15 10 * * ? 2005" 2005年的每天上午10:15觸發?
"0 * 14 * * ?" 在每天下午2點到下午2:59期間的每1分鐘觸發?
"0 0/5 14 * * ?" 在每天下午2點到下午2:55期間的每5分鐘觸發?
"0 0/5 14,18 * * ?" 在每天下午2點到2:55期間和下午6點到6:55期間的每5分鐘觸發?
"0 0-5 14 * * ?" 在每天下午2點到下午2:05期間的每1分鐘觸發?
"0 10,44 14 ? 3 WED" 每年三月的星期三的下午2:10和2:44觸發?
"0 15 10 ? * MON-FRI" 周一至周五的上午10:15觸發?
"0 15 10 15 * ?" 每月15日上午10:15觸發?
"0 15 10 L * ?" 每月最后一日的上午10:15觸發?
"0 15 10 ? * 6L" 每月的最后一個星期五上午10:15觸發?
"0 15 10 ? * 6L 2002-2005" 2002年至2005年的每月的最后一個星期五上午10:15觸發?
"0 15 10 ? * 6#3" 每月的第三個星期五上午10:15觸發?
每天早上6點?
0 6 * * *?
每兩個小時?
0 */2 * * *?
晚上11點到早上8點之間每兩個小時,早上八點?
0 23-7/2,8 * * *?
每個月的4號和每個禮拜的禮拜一到禮拜三的早上11點?
0 11 4 * 1-3?
1月1日早上4點?
0 4 1 1 *
?
最后別忘了在web.xml里面配置Spring:?
- <? xml ? version = "1.0" ? encoding = "UTF-8" ?> ??
- < web-app ? xmlns = "http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" ??
- ????????? xmlns:xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" ??
- ????????? xsi:schemaLocation ="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee??
- ??????????http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"??
- ????????? version = "2.5" > ??
- ???? < welcome-file-list > ??
- ???????? < welcome-file > index.html </ welcome-file > ??
- ???? </ welcome-file-list > ??
- ??
- ???? < context-param > ??
- ???????? < param-name > contextConfigLocation </ param-name > ??
- ???????? < param-value > /WEB-INF/spring-config.xml </ param-value > ??
- ???? </ context-param > ??
- ??
- ???? < listener > ??
- ???????? < listener-class > org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener </ listener-class > ??
- ???? </ listener > ??
- </ web-app > ??
運行結果:?
Wed Feb 08 13:58:30 CST 2012?
(0)?
Wed Feb 08 13:58:35 CST 2012?
(1)?
Wed Feb 08 13:58:40 CST 2012?
(2)?
Wed Feb 08 13:58:45 CST 2012?
(3)?
Wed Feb 08 13:58:50 CST 2012?
(4)?
Wed Feb 08 13:58:55 CST 2012?
(5)?
Wed Feb 08 13:59:00 CST 2012?
(6)?
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