NHibernate Step by Step( 二 ) 單表操作

接著第一期，我們繼續。

為了方便學習測試，從今天開始我將使用 MS Test 來進行測試，這樣就避免了在一個 Console 工程里不停地添加、注釋代碼了。

提示：為了在 VS2005IDE 中獲得 NHibernate 配置文件的代碼提示，請將你的 $NHibernate/src/NHibernate 下的 nhibernate-configuration-2.0.xsd 、 nhibernate-mapping-2.0.xsd 拷貝到 /Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio 8/Xml/Schemas 下，這樣當你編輯配置文件或者映射文件時，你將得到完整的代碼提示。
VS2003請拷貝到/Program Files/Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003/Common7/Packages/schemas/xml下。

NHibernat 內部使用 log4net 來進行日志操作，今天我們將在配置文件中添加 log4net 的配置，這樣我們在測試的時候將可以清楚地看到 NHibernate 是如何進行工作的。

應用配置文件修改如下：

<? xmlversion="1.0"encoding="utf-8" ?>
< configuration >
< configSections >
< section name ="nhibernate" type ="System.Configuration.NameValueSectionHandler,System,Version=1.0.5000.0,Culture=neutral,PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" />
< section name ="log4net" type ="log4net.Config.Log4NetConfigurationSectionHandler,log4net" />
</ configSections >

< nhibernate >
< add key ="hibernate.connection.provider" value ="NHibernate.Connection.DriverConnectionProvider" />
< add key ="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value ="NHibernate.Driver.SqlClientDriver" />
< add key ="hibernate.connection.connection_string" value ="Server=localhost;InitialCatalog=NHibernate;IntegratedSecurity=SSPI" />
< add key ="hibernate.connection.isolation" value ="ReadCommitted" />
< add key ="hibernate.dialect" value ="NHibernate.Dialect.MsSql2000Dialect" />
< add key ="show_sql" value ="true" />
</ nhibernate >

< log4net >
< appender name ="ConsoleAppender" type ="log4net.Appender.ConsoleAppender" >
< layout type ="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout" >
< conversionPattern value ="%date[%thread]%-5level%logger[%ndc]-%message%newline" />
</ layout >
</ appender >
< root >
< level value ="ALL" />
< appender-ref ref ="ConsoleAppender" />
</ root >

</ log4net >

</ configuration >

< add key ="show_sql" value ="true" />

關于 log4net 的使用，我們這里不做詳細的講解，有興趣的請參考如下地址：

http://logging.apache.org/log4net/

接著，我們在上次的工程組中添加一個名為 Test1 的測試項目，將其中的不需要的手動測試去掉。請注意：除了 NHibernate/Model 引用外，還需要添加如下 3 個引用：

log4net,System.Data,System.Xml.

修改代碼如下：

using System;
using System.Text;
using System.Collections;
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using NHibernate;
using NHibernate.Cfg;
using log4net;
using log4net.Config;
using Test.Model;

namespace Test1
{
/**/ /// <summary>
/// SummarydescriptionforUnitTest1
/// </summary>
[TestClass]
public class UnitTest1
{
static ISessionFactoryfactory;
static ILoglogger;
ISessionsession;

public UnitTest1()
{
}

Additionaltestattributes #region Additionaltestattributes

[ClassInitialize()]
public static void MyClassInitialize(TestContexttestContext)
{
XmlConfigurator.Configure();
logger = LogManager.GetLogger( typeof (Test1.UnitTest1));
Configurationconfig = new Configuration().AddAssembly( " Test.Model " );
factory = config.BuildSessionFactory();
}

[ClassCleanup()]
public static void MyClassCleanup() {}

[TestInitialize()]
public void MyTestInitialize()
{
session = factory.OpenSession();
}

[TestCleanup()]
public void MyTestCleanup()
{
session.Close();
}

#endregion
}
}

我們在測試的開始對 Configuration/SessionFactory/Log 進行初始化。在每一個 Test 的開始獲取一個新的 session ，每一個 Test 結束后即關閉 session 。

添加如下一個 Get 測試：

[TestMethod]
public void TestRead()
{
Personperson = (Person)session.Get( typeof (Person), 1 );
Assert.IsTrue(person.Name == " JackieChan " );
}

我們在前面曾經插入一條名為“Jackie Chan”的記錄，現在在Test Manager中選中TestRead，運行，ok，Passed！
我們使用了session.Get來獲取記錄，方法如下：

object Get( Type clazz , object id );

很簡單，一目了然。

我們切換到 Test Results 窗口，雙擊測試成功的 TestRead 方法，這時將會有一個詳細的測試結果顯示出來， NHibernate 將使用我們指定的 log4net 來輸出詳細信息，我們仔細觀察：

2006-04-15 13:52:13,000 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.SessionImpl [(null)] - opened session

2006-04-15 13:52:13,015 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.SessionImpl [(null)] - loading [Person#1]

2006-04-15 13:52:13,015 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.SessionImpl [(null)] - attempting to resolve [Person#1]

2006-04-15 13:52:13,015 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.SessionImpl [(null)] - object not resolved in any cache [Test.Model.Person#1]

2006-04-15 13:52:13,015 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Persister.EntityPersister [(null)] - Materializing entity: Test.Model.Person#1

2006-04-15 13:52:13,078 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.BatcherImpl [(null)] - Opened new IDbCommand, open IDbCommands :1

2006-04-15 13:52:13,078 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.BatcherImpl [(null)] - Building an IDbCommand object for the SqlString: SELECT person0_.id as id0_, person0_.name as name0_ FROM Person person0_ WHERE person0_.id=:id

2006-04-15 13:52:13,093 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Type.Int32Type [(null)] - binding '1' to parameter: 0

2006-04-15 13:52:13,093 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] INFO NHibernate.Loader.Loader [(null)] - SELECT person0_.id as id0_, person0_.name as name0_ FROM Person person0_ WHERE person0_.id=@p0

2006-04-15 13:52:13,093 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.SQL [(null)] - SELECT person0_.id as id0_, person0_.name as name0_ FROM Person person0_ WHERE person0_.id=@p0

2006-04-15 13:52:13,093 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.SQL [(null)] - @p0 = '1'

2006-04-15 13:52:13,093 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Connection.DriverConnectionProvider [(null)] - Obtaining IDbConnection from Driver

2006-04-15 13:52:13,859 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.BatcherImpl [(null)] - Opened Reader, open Readers :1

2006-04-15 13:52:13,859 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Loader.Loader [(null)] - processing result set

2006-04-15 13:52:13,875 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Loader.Loader [(null)] - result row: 1

2006-04-15 13:52:13,875 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Loader.Loader [(null)] - Initializing object from DataReader: 1

2006-04-15 13:52:13,875 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Loader.Loader [(null)] - Hydrating entity: Test.Model.Person#1

2006-04-15 13:52:13,906 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Type.StringType [(null)] - returning 'Jackie Chan' as column: name0_

2006-04-15 13:52:13,906 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Loader.Loader [(null)] - done processing result set (1 rows)

2006-04-15 13:52:13,937 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Driver.NHybridDataReader [(null)] - running NHybridDataReader.Dispose()

2006-04-15 13:52:13,937 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.BatcherImpl [(null)] - Closed Reader, open Readers :0

2006-04-15 13:52:13,937 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.BatcherImpl [(null)] - Closed IDbCommand, open IDbCommands :0

2006-04-15 13:52:13,937 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Loader.Loader [(null)] - total objects hydrated: 1

2006-04-15 13:52:13,953 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.SessionImpl [(null)] - resolving associations for: [Test.Model.Person#1]

2006-04-15 13:52:13,953 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.SessionImpl [(null)] - done materializing entity [Test.Model.Person#1]

2006-04-15 13:52:13,953 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.SessionImpl [(null)] - initializing non-lazy collections

2006-04-15 13:52:13,953 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.SessionImpl [(null)] - closing session

2006-04-15 13:52:13,953 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.SessionImpl [(null)] - disconnecting session

2006-04-15 13:52:13,953 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Connection.ConnectionProvider [(null)] - Closing connection

2006-04-15 13:52:13,968 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.Impl.SessionImpl [(null)] - transaction completion

在其中，我們可以發現：

2006-04-15 13:52:13,093 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.SQL [(null)] - SELECT person0_.id as id0_, person0_.name as name0_ FROM Person person0_ WHERE person0_.id=@p0

2006-04-15 13:52:13,093 [AdpaterExeMgrThread1] DEBUG NHibernate.SQL [(null)] - @p0 = '1'

對了，就是這里， NHibernate 替我們構造了一條 sql 語句，并添加一個參數，然后將我們在代碼中賦的 id 值 1 來填充，這樣，一條完整的可以執行的 sql 語句產生了。

請注意：在產生 sql 語句的前面， NHibernate 構造了一個 IDBCommand ，然后在 sql 語句產生完全后，獲取連接，通過一個 DataReader 來填充 Persion 對象給我們使用，這就是 NHibernate 替我們做的事，是不是很簡單啊？（真的很簡單嗎？？看看源代碼吧！！）

請仔細研究輸出的日志。

如法炮制，我們添加另外 3 個 Test ，完成單個表的全部 CRUD 操作，如下完整代碼：

[TestMethod]

public void TestCreate()

{

Personperson = new Person();

person.Name = " JackieChan " ;



ITransactiontrans = session.BeginTransaction();

try

{

session.Save(person);

trans.Commit();

Assert.IsTrue(person.Id > 0 );

}

catch (Exceptionex)

{

trans.Rollback();

Assert.Fail(ex.Message);

}

}



[TestMethod]

public void TestUpdate()

{

Personperson = (Person)session.Get( typeof (Person), 1 );

person.Name = " JetLi " ;



ITransactiontrans = session.BeginTransaction();

try

{

session.Save(person);

trans.Commit();

Assert.IsTrue(person.Name == " JetLi " );

}

catch (Exceptionex)

{

trans.Rollback();

Assert.Fail(ex.Message);

}

}



[TestMethod]

public void TestRead()

{

Personperson = (Person)session.Get( typeof (Person), 1 );

Assert.IsTrue(person.Name == " JackieChan " );

}



[TestMethod]

public void TestDelete()

{

Personperson = (Person)session.Get( typeof (Person), 1 );



ITransactiontrans = session.BeginTransaction();

try

{

session.Delete(person);

trans.Commit();

}

catch (Exceptionex)

{

trans.Rollback();

Assert.Fail(ex.Message);

}

}

Delete 的方法如下：

void Delete( object obj );

直接傳入需要 delete 的對象即可。

好了，基本的操作都完成了，是不是很Easy？

好了，這一篇就講這么多，我們下次再接著練習。

Step by Step ，顧名思義，是一步一步來的意思，整個教程我將貫徹這一理念。

任何建議或者批評，請 e ： abluedog@163.com

NHibernate Step by Step(二) 單表操作